Roof rainwater harvesting systems for household water supply in Jordan
Roof rainwater harvesting systems for household water supply in Jordan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.013
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
Al-Shareef, A. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abdulla, Fayez A.;Al-Shareef, A. W.
约旦当今面临的最大环境挑战是水资源短缺。目前的用水量已经超过了可再生能源的供应量。人们提出了许多方法来增加供水来源；一种替代来源是雨水收集。在约旦，农村/城市集水区的降雨收集并未受到广泛关注。由于约旦大多数农村和城市地区没有径流下水道系统，从道路、停车场和屋顶收集降雨可以增加各种家庭用水的供应，并有助于解决该国长期缺水的问题。本文的目标是 (1) 评估约旦 12 个省住宅区利用雨水节省饮用水的潜力； (2)提出有关改善雨水收集的质量和数量的建议和建议。结果表明，如果住宅建筑的所有表面都被利用并且所有落在表面的雨水都被收集起来，则最多可以从住宅建筑的屋顶收集15.5 Mm(3)/y的雨水。这相当于 2005 年生活供水总量的 5.6%。各省的集水潜力各不相同，从亚喀巴省的 0.023 x 10(6)m(3) 到安曼省的 6.45x10(6)m(3) 不等。据估计，12 个省的饮用水节约潜力在 0.27% 到 0.7% 之间。对住宅屋顶收集的雨水样本的分析表明，测得的无机化合物基本符合世界卫生组织的饮用水标准。另一方面，作为重要细菌学参数的粪大肠菌群却超出了饮用水的限值。
The largest environmental challenge that Jordan faces today is the scarcity of water. Current water use already exceeds renewable supply. Many methods have been suggested to increase the sources of water supply; one alternative source is rainwater harvesting. Rainfall harvesting from rural/urban catchments has not received large attention in Jordan. In the absence of run-off sewer systems in most Jordanian rural and urban areas, rainfall harvesting from roads, parking lots and rooftops can increase water supply for various domestic uses and help combat the chronic water shortages in the country. The objectives of this paper are to (1) evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in residential sectors of the 12 Jordanian governorates; and (2) provide some suggestions and recommendations regarding the improvement of both quality and quantity of harvested rainwater. Results show that a maximum of 15.5 Mm(3)/y of rainwater can be collected from roofs of residential buildings provided that all surfaces are used and all rain falling on the surfaces is collected. This is equivalent to 5.6% of the total domestic water supply of the year 2005. The potential for water harvesting varies among the governorates, ranging from 0.023 x 10(6)m(3) for the Aqaba governorate to 6.45x10(6)m(3) for the Amman governorate. The potential for potable water savings was estimated for the 12 governorates, and it ranged from 0.27% to 0.7%. Analysis of samples of harvested rainwater from residential roofs indicated that the measured inorganic compounds generally matched the WHO standards for drinking water. On the other hand, fecal coliform, which is an important bacteriological parameter, exceeded the limits for drinking water.