Non-smoker exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke II: Effect of room ventilation on the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects
Non-smoker exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke II: Effect of room ventilation on the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.019
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Vandrey, Ryan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herrmann, Evan S.;Cone, Edward J.;Vandrey, Ryan
导语：大麻是使用最广泛的非法药物。许多人偶然接触到二手大麻烟雾，但人们对这种接触的影响知之甚少。本研究考察了吸食二手大麻对生理、主观和行为/认知的影响，以及室内通风对这些影响的影响。方法：非吸食大麻的人在一个专门建造的室内暴露于六个吸食大麻(11.3%THC)的个体的二手大麻烟雾中1h。室内通风被实验操纵，使参与者暴露在不通风的条件下或以每小时11次换气的速度暴露。比较暴露期间和基线测量后对大麻暴露的生理、主观和行为/认知测量。结果：在未通风的条件下暴露于二手大麻烟雾中产生了可检测到的血和尿中的大麻类物质水平，轻微的心率增加，轻微到中度的自我报告的镇静药物效果，以及数字符号替换任务(DSST)的表现受损。1例尿样以50 ng/m l为限检测阳性，数例以20 ng/m l为阳性。通风条件下暴露于空气中的大麻素水平明显降低，且未产生镇静药物作用、行为障碍或阳性尿检结果。结论：室内通风对二手烟暴露有显著影响。在极端不通风的条件下，接触二手大麻烟雾会在血液和尿液中产生可检测到的THC水平，产生轻微的生理和主观药物影响，并对需要精神运动能力和工作记忆的任务造成轻微损害。(C)2015爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司。保留所有权利。
Introduction: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug. Many individuals are incidentally exposed to secondhand cannabis smoke, but little is known about the effects of this exposure. This report examines the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects of secondhand cannabis exposure, and the influence of room ventilation on these effects.Methods: Non-cannabis-using individuals were exposed to secondhand cannabis smoke from six individuals smoking cannabis (11.3% THC) ad libitum in a specially constructed chamber for 1 h. Chamber ventilation was experimentally manipulated so that participants were exposed under unventilated conditions or with ventilation at a rate of 11 air exchanges/h. Physiological, subjective and behavioral/cognitive measures of cannabis exposure assessed after exposure sessions were compared to baseline measures.Results: Exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke under unventilated conditions produced detectable cannabinoid levels in blood and urine, minor increases in heart rate, mild to moderate self-reported sedative drug effects, and impaired performance on the digit symbol substitution task (DSST). One urine specimen tested positive at using a 50 ng/ml cut-off and several specimens were positive at 20 ng/ml. Exposure under ventilated conditions resulted in much lower blood cannabinoid levels, and did not produce sedative drug effects, impairments in performance, or positive urine screen results.Conclusions: Room ventilation has a pronounced effect on exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke. Under extreme, unventilated conditions, secondhand cannabis smoke exposure can produce detectable levels of THC in blood and urine, minor physiological and subjective drug effects, and minor impairment on a task requiring psychomotor ability and working memory. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.