Mechanisms of sodium channel clustering and its influence on axonal impulse conduction.
Mechanisms of sodium channel clustering and its influence on axonal impulse conduction.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-015-2081-1
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sol-Foulon N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Freeman SA;Desmazières A;Fricker D;Lubetzki C;Sol-Foulon N
动作电位沿神经纤维的有效传播是动物及时、准确地与环境相互作用的必要条件。轴突的髓鞘形成是确保动作电位通过跃传导快速传播的重要步骤，这一过程需要Ranvier节点上高度集中的电压门控钠通道。最近的研究表明，钠通道的聚集可以影响有髓鞘和无髓鞘纤维的轴突冲动传导，这可能对疾病，特别是脱髓鞘病理有重要影响。本文综述了外周神经和中枢神经节点钠离子通道聚集的调控机制及其在影响动作电位传导中的具体作用。我们进一步强调了与传导时间有关的经典生物物理参数，随后详细讨论了沿无髓鞘轴突的钠通道聚集如何在生理和病理背景下影响轴突脉冲传导。
The efficient propagation of action potentials along nervous fibers is necessary for animals to interact with the environment with timeliness and precision. Myelination of axons is an essential step to ensure fast action potential propagation by saltatory conduction, a process that requires highly concentrated voltage-gated sodium channels at the nodes of Ranvier. Recent studies suggest that the clustering of sodium channels can influence axonal impulse conduction in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, which could have major implications in disease, particularly demyelinating pathology. This comprehensive review summarizes the mechanisms governing the clustering of sodium channels at the peripheral and central nervous system nodes and the specific roles of their clustering in influencing action potential conduction. We further highlight the classical biophysical parameters implicated in conduction timing, followed by a detailed discussion on how sodium channel clustering along unmyelinated axons can impact axonal impulse conduction in both physiological and pathological contexts.