Object biographies and interdisciplinarity
Object biographies and interdisciplinarity
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对象传记和跨学科性
DOI：
10.1098/rsnr.2019.0016
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Roos A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roos A
科学史和医学史已经发生了视觉和物质上的转折。对科学对象和插图的分析--它们的肖像、来源和在发现中的作用--恢复了它们与世界的具体关系。尽管历史学家热爱文本，但物体或图像不再是历史探究的无声附属品。毕竟，科学是关于创造和观察的，我敢说，也是关于客观性的。跨学科研究也是及时的。最近的几个展览探索了科学技术的独创性如何刺激艺术表达，并思考了艺术如何推动创新和技术变革。2019年9月，科学馆将与英国广播公司广播四台合作制作一部名为《创新的艺术：从启蒙到暗物质》的展览和广播系列节目。科学博物馆集团藏品中的2件“标志性艺术品和科学发现物件”将与赫普沃斯、霍克尼、洛瑞、康斯特布尔、波乔尼和特纳等艺术家的作品一起展出。伦敦的Two Temple Place最近举办了一场关于维多利亚时期博学者约翰·拉斯金的展览，他在云研究中指出，他可以观察到工业化对天气的影响。历史学家西蒙·韦雷特最近展示了早期的现代实验者如何在节俭的科学行动中重新利用废品和科学仪器，将他们的家用作实验室，以更新他们的物质财富，以了解自然世界。毕竟，科学是关于创造性和巧妙的交叉培养：家喻户晓的真理。2019年也是终极跨学科思想家达芬奇逝世500周年，本期的特色是菲利普·L·理查森发表的一篇关于达芬奇发现动态飞翔的论文，这是鸟类为了持续飞行而从风速梯度(风切变)中提取能量的飞行动作。在仔细观察列奥纳多的画作时，理查森证明，列奥纳多“早于1883年瑞利勋爵对物理学[动态飞翔]的第一个公认的解释，早了近400年”。这是列奥纳多在
The history of science and medicine has taken a visual and material turn. Analyses of scientific objects and illustrations—their iconography, provenance and role in discovery—recover their embodied relationship to the world. Despite the historian’s love of the text, the object or image is no longer a mute adjunct to historical inquiry. Science, after all, is about creation and observation, and, dare I say it, objectivity. Interdisciplinary studies are also timely. Several recent exhibitions have explored the way in which the ingenuity of science and technology has stimulated artistic expression, and have considered how the arts have given impetus to innovation and technological change. In September 2019, the Science Museum is partnering with BBC Radio Four in an exhibition and radio series called ‘The art of innovation: from enlightenment to dark matter’. 2 ‘Iconic artworks and objects of scientific discovery’from the Science Museum Group Collection will be displayed alongside works by artists such as Hepworth, Hockney, Lowry, Constable, Boccioni and Turner. 3 Two Temple Place in London had a recent exhibition about the Victorian polymath John Ruskin, who in his cloud studies noted that he could observe the effects of industrialization on the weather. 4 The historian Simon Werrett has recently shown how early modern experimentalists repurposed scrap and scientific instruments in acts of ‘thrifty science’, using their homes as laboratories as they upcycled their material possessions to learn about the natural world. 5 Science, after all, is about creative and clever cross-fertilization: home truths. This year, 2019 is also the 500th anniversary of the death of the ultimate interdisciplinary thinker, Leonardo da Vinci, and the current issue features a paper published by Philip L. Richardson about da Vinci’s discovery of dynamic soaring, a flight manoeuvre performed by birds to extract energy from the gradient of wind velocity (wind shear) for sustained flight. In a close observation of Leonardo’s drawings, Richardson demonstrates that Leonardo ‘predates by almost 400 years the first generally accepted explanation of the physics [of dynamic soaring] by Lord Rayleigh in 1883’. 6 It is one of Leonardo’s most significant discoveries in