A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for anticipatory adjustment of human locomotion during obstacle avoidance
A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for anticipatory adjustment of human locomotion during obstacle avoidance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s004220050408
复制
发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
G. Taga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Taga
对人类运动的理论研究表明，稳定和灵活的步态来自于由神经节律发生器（RG）组成的神经系统的节律活动与肌肉骨骼系统的节律运动之间的动态相互作用。本研究进一步探讨了基于产生步态基本模式的神经系统的涌现特性的运动预期控制机制。描述了一种神经肌肉骨骼系统模型，用于在行走过程中用两个肢体执行跨越可见障碍物的任务。神经系统中的RG与被称为离散运动发生器（DM）的系统相结合，该系统接收RG的输出和关于障碍物的视觉信息，并生成用于修改基本步态模式的离散信号。一系列计算机模拟表明，放置在任意位置的障碍物可以通过连续修改步态来清除：（1）在接近障碍物时调节步长，以及（2）这一结果表明，预期调整不是由从视觉信号到运动指令的信息单向流动产生的，而是由DM和RG之间的双向信息循环。该模型的有效性进行了讨论，在预期的修改在猫和人类的视觉运动控制的生态心理运动皮层活动。
Theoretical studies on human locomotion have shown that a stable and flexible gait emerges from the dynamic interaction between the rhythmic activity of a neural system composed of a neural rhythm generator (RG) and the rhythmic movement of the musculo-skeletal system. This study further explores the mechanism of the anticipatory control of locomotion based on the emergent properties of a neural system that generates the basic pattern of gait. A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system to execute the task of stepping over a visible obstacle with both limbs during walking is described. The RG in the neural system was combined with a system referred to as a discrete movement generator (DM), which receives both the output of the RG and visual information regarding the obstacle and generates discrete signals for modification of the basic gait pattern. A series of computer simulations demonstrated that an obstacle placed at an arbitrary position can be cleared by sequential modifications of gait: (1) modulating the step length when approaching the obstacle and (2) modifying the trajectory of the swing limbs while stepping over it. This result suggests that anticipatory adjustments are produced not by the unidirectional flow of the information from visual signals to motor commands but by the bi-directional circulation of information between the DM and the RG. The validity of this model is discussed in relation to motor cortical activity during anticipatory modifications in cats and the ecological psychology of visuo-motor control in humans.