Segmental Analysis of the Vestibular Nerve and the Efferents of the Vestibular Complex
Segmental Analysis of the Vestibular Nerve and the Efferents of the Vestibular Complex
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DOI：
10.1002/ar.23828
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Puelles, Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diaz, Carmen;Puelles, Luis
在后脑前庭中心的研究中使用节段性方法提高了对Hox基因控制的这一区域的形态和功能的理解，以及其他分子决定因素。在这里，我们回顾了前庭传入和传出的节段组织的累积数据。内耳源性前庭纤维与听觉纤维一起经第4菱形肌后板进入后脑，然后分支分为降支和升支，沿前庭柱沿着到达相应的前庭核团。经典的前庭核（上级，外侧，内侧和下部）起源于八个连续的菱形段，这表明内部细分与不同的连接和功能。前庭投射神经元确定为各种目标聚集在离散的群体，其地形相关的菱形单位，或与内部的细分。每个前庭投影系统（例如，前庭-脊髓、前庭-眼、前庭小脑）具有特征性的同侧/对侧组织。将它们作为不同物种的结缔组织镶嵌体进行比较表明，这种节段性结缔组织的各个方面在脊椎动物的整个进化过程中都是保守的。此外，控制后脑中菱形单元发育的某些基因可以决定与其轴突导航和突触发生相关的不同神经元亚群的特定性质。Anat Rec，302：472-484，2019。(c)2018 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Use of a segmental approach in the study of vestibular centers in the hindbrain improves morphological and functional understanding of this region controlled by Hox genes, among other molecular determinants. Here, we review accrued data about segmental organization of vestibular afferents and efferents. Inner ear-originated vestibular fibers enter the hindbrain, together with auditory ones, through the alar plate of rhombomere 4, then branch into descending and ascending branches to reach appropriate vestibular nuclei along the vestibular column. Classical vestibular nuclei (superior, lateral, medial, and inferior) originate in eight successive rhombomeric segments, which suggests internal subdivisions correlated with distinct connections and functions. The vestibular projection neurons identified for various targets aggregate in discrete groups, which correlate topographically either with rhombomeric units, or with internal subdivisions within them. Each vestibular projection system (e.g., vestibulo-spinal, vestibulo-ocular, vestibulocerebellar) has a characteristic ipsilateral/contralateral organization. Comparing them as a connective mosaic in different species shows that various aspects of this segmental connective organization are conserved throughout evolution in vertebrates. Furthermore, certain genes that control the development of the rhombomeric units in the hindbrain may determine, among other aspects, the specific properties of the different neuronal subpopulations related to their axonal navigation and synaptogenesis. Anat Rec, 302:472-484, 2019. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.