Flies Cope with Uncontrollable Stress by Learned Helplessness
Flies Cope with Uncontrollable Stress by Learned Helplessness
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.054
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发表时间：
2013-05-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Heisenberg, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Zhenghong;Bertolucci, Franco;Heisenberg, Martin
在许多动物中，无法控制的压力事件会诱发一种叫做“习得性无助”的状况。在哺乳动物中，它与一般活动量低、学习能力差、睡眠和进食障碍、溃疡、免疫状态下降以及大脑部分区域血清素增加有关。它被认为是人类抑郁症的动物模型[1-4]。在这里，我们调查了果蝇的习得性无助，表明这种行为状态由认知和调节，可能是情绪样的，组件。一只苍蝇，一旦停止行走就被加热，可靠地恢复行走以逃避热量。相反，如果苍蝇不能控制温度，它就会知道自己的行为没有效果，并停止反应。在这种状态下，苍蝇走得很慢，需要更长时间和更频繁的休息，好像它是“沮丧”。“这种步行行为的下调在女性中比男性更明显。果蝇的习得性无助是一个例子，说明在某种情况下，行为是如何根据预期的后果组织起来的。
In a wide range of animals, uncontrollable stressful events can induce a condition called "learned helplessness." In mammals it is associated with low general activity, poor learning, disorders of sleep and feeding, ulcers, and reduced immune status, as well as with increased serotonin in parts of the brain. It is considered an animal model of depression in humans [1-4]. Here we investigate learned helplessness in Drosophila, showing that this behavioral state consists of a cognitive and a modulatory, possibly mood-like, component. A fly, getting heated as soon as it stops walking, reliably resumes walking to escape the heat. If, in contrast, the fly is not in control of the heat, it learns that its behavior has no effect and quits responding. In this state, the fly walks slowly and takes longer and more frequent rests, as if it were "depressed." This downregulation of walking behavior is more pronounced in females than in males. Learned helplessness in Drosophila is an example of how, in a certain situation, behavior is organized according to its expected consequences.