Multi-Temperature Heat Pumps - A Literature Review
Multi-Temperature Heat Pumps - A Literature Review
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.05.014
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Arpagaus;F. Bless;J. Schiffmann;S. Bertsch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Arpagaus;F. Bless;J. Schiffmann;S. Bertsch
本综述重点介绍了机械驱动热泵和制冷系统的主要优点和挑战，重点关注多温度应用。提出了不同的设计策略，包括采用多级压缩机、喷射器、膨胀阀、级联和独立气体冷却器的循环。大多数多温热泵循环使用两个热源和一个散热器。在超市应用中，使用跨临界二氧化碳的多级压缩机循环是一项既定的关键技术。具有二次回路的级联是另一种经常应用的系统类型。膨胀阀循环应用于家用制冷和空调。带喷射器的循环似乎是提高系统性能的一种有希望的改进。用于空间供暖和热水生产的分离式气体冷却器最近由于可能与超临界二氧化碳循环相结合而引起了人们的关注。热力学模拟表明，多级压缩机循环具有最高的 COP 和第二定律效率，其次是叶栅循环、喷射器循环和膨胀阀循环。由两个并联的单级热泵组成的基线循环显示出比多级压缩机和叶栅循环更低的第二定律效率，并且比喷射器和膨胀阀循环更高的效率。
This review highlights the major advantages and challenges of mechanically driven heat pumps and refrigeration systems with focus on multi-temperature applications. Different design strategies are presented, including cycles with multi-stage compressors, ejectors, expansion valves, cascades, and separated gas coolers.Most multi-temperature heat pump cycles use two heat sources and one heat sink. In supermarket applications, multi-stage compressor cycles with transcritical CO2 is an established key technology. Cascades with secondary loops are another frequently applied type of system. Expansion valve cycles are applied in household refrigeration and air conditioning. Cycles with ejectors seem to be a promising modification for system performance improvement. Separated gas coolers for space heating and hot water production have recently attracted attention due to the possible combination with supercritical CO2 cycles.Thermodynamic simulations reveal that multi-stage compressor cycles have the highest COPs and second law efficiencies, followed by cascade, ejector, and expansion valve cycles. The baseline cycle consisting of two single-stage heat pumps in parallel shows lower second law efficiency than the multi-stage compressor and cascade cycles, and higher efficiency than the ejector and expansion valve cycles.