Application of tissue-scale tension to avian epithelia in vivo to study multiscale mechanical properties and inter-germ layer coupling.
Application of tissue-scale tension to avian epithelia in vivo to study multiscale mechanical properties and inter-germ layer coupling.
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将组织尺度张力应用于禽类上皮体内，研究多尺度机械特性和胚层间耦合。
DOI：
10.1101/2024.04.04.588089
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nerurkar,NandanL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oikonomou,Panagiotis;Calvary,Lisa;Cirne,HelenaC;Welch,AndreasE;Durel,JohnF;Powell,Olivia;Nerurkar,NandanL
随着物理学和力学的跨学科方法越来越影响我们对形态发生的理解，可用于测量和扰乱胚胎发育的物理方面的工具也不断扩展。然而，测量机械性能和在体内施加外源组织尺度力仍然是一个挑战，特别是对于上皮细胞。利用发育中的鸡胚的大小和可及性，在这里我们描述了一种简单的技术，可以将大约 1-100 µN 的外源力定量地施加到内胚层上皮。为了证明这种方法的实用性，我们进行了一系列概念验证实验，揭示了早期鸡胚中基本的和意想不到的机械行为，包括中肠内胚层细胞之间的机械类型异质性、肌动蛋白破坏的复杂非细胞自主效应以及内胚层和邻近的近轴中胚层之间的高度机械耦合。为了说明该方法的更广泛实用性，我们确定约 10 µN 的力足以在初级神经形成过程中解开神经管。总之，这些发现为早期禽类胚胎体内胚胎上皮的力学提供了基本的见解，并为未来研究机械因素如何影响形态发生提供了有用的工具。
As cross-disciplinary approaches drawing from physics and mechanics have increasingly influenced our understanding of morphogenesis, the tools available to measure and perturb physical aspects of embryonic development have expanded as well. However, it remains a challenge to measure mechanical properties and apply exogenous tissue-scale forces in vivo, particularly for epithelia. Exploiting the size and accessibility of the developing chick embryo, here we describe a simple technique to quantitatively apply exogenous forces on the order of∼ 1-100 µ N to the endodermal epithelium. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we performed a series of proof-of-concept experiments that reveal fundamental and unexpected mechanical behaviors in the early chick embryo, including mechanotype heterogeneity among cells of the midgut endoderm, complex non-cell autonomous effects of actin disruption, and a high degree of mechanical coupling between the endoderm and adjacent paraxial mesoderm. To illustrate the broader utility of this method, we determined that forces on the order of∼ 10 µ N are sufficient to unzip the neural tube during primary neurulation. Together, these findings provide basic insights into the mechanics of embryonic epithelia in vivo in the early avian embryo, and provide a useful tool for future investigations of how morphogenesis is influenced by mechanical factors.