Growth factors in human disease: the realities, pitfalls, and promise.
Growth factors in human disease: the realities, pitfalls, and promise.
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人类疾病的增长因素：现实、陷阱和希望。
DOI：
10.1016/0049-0172(85)90008-3
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Cabral,AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castor,CW;Cabral,AR
与生长因子相关的文献以如此快的速度增长，以至于愤世嫉俗者可能会假设控制新生长因子发展的因素。在努力把一个可管理的周长周围的主题，这篇评论主要关注的是良好的特征生长因子，已知或怀疑存在于人。虽然一个普遍接受的生长因子的定义不存在，使用接受生长因子作为相对较小的蛋白质，诱导增加细胞合成的核酸，蛋白质，并增加细胞质量。传统上，生长因子被认为是具有促有丝分裂活性的试剂。然而，在结缔组织中，不成比例的少量细胞参与形成大的细胞外基质，生长不仅可以通过增加细胞数量来表现，而且还可以通过增加细胞外基质的一种或几种组分来表现。这种区别的生理学意义并不是微不足道的，当我们回想起大约75%的人体是间充质来源的，骨骼组织，皮肤和筋膜（不包括肌肉成分）占身体质量的33%。此外，值得注意的是，第一个已知的生长因子之一，硫酸化因子，通过其生长促进活性来测量，如通过软骨细胞外基质的硫酸化糖胺聚糖（GAG）含量增加来判断。硫酸化因子随后被证明是几种蛋白质，构成了一组人类生长激素依赖性蛋白质，生长调节蛋白家族的成员;其促有丝分裂特性的知识是后来的发展。同样的原理也适用于上皮组织;例如，表皮生长因子（EGF）不仅刺激细胞的复制，还刺激细胞外物质如角蛋白的形成。类似地，暴露于EGF的结缔组织细胞响应于增加的细胞复制和增加的透明质酸（细胞外基质组分）的合成和分泌。
T HE LITERATURE related to growth factors increases at such a rapid rate that the cynical might postulate factors governing the development of new growth factors. In an effort to put a manageable perimeter around the subject, this review focuses primary attention on well characterized growth factors, known or suspected to exist in man.While a universally accepted definition of a growth factor does not exist, usage accepts growth factors as relatively small proteins that induce increased cell synthesis of nucleic acids, protein, and increased cellular mass. Conventionally, growth factors are considered to be agents with mitogenic activity. However, in connective tissues where a disproportionately small number of cells participate in the formation of a large extracellular matrix, growth may be manifested not only by increased cell numbers, but also by increases in one or several components of the extracellular matrix. The physiologic import of this distinction is not trivial when one recalls that approximately 75% of the human body is of mesenchymal origin, and that skeletal tissues, skin, and fascia (excluding muscular components) account for> 33% of the body mass.‘** Also, it is pertinent to note that one of the first known growth factors, sulfation factor, was measured by its growth promoting activity as judged by the increased sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of cartilage extracellular matrix. Sulfation factor was subsequently shown to be several proteins constituting a group of human growth hormone dependent proteins, members of the somatomedin family; knowledge of their mitogenic properties was a later development. The same principle applies to epithelial tissues; for example, epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates not only replication of cells, but formation of extracellular material such as keratin. Similarly, connective tissue cells exposed to EGF respond with both increased cell replication and increased synthesis and secretion of hyaluronic acid, an extracellular matrix component.