Skill-Based Contextual Sorting: How Parental Cognition and Residential Mobility Produce Unequal Environments for Children
Skill-Based Contextual Sorting: How Parental Cognition and Residential Mobility Produce Unequal Environments for Children
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-020-00866-8
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发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Jared N. Schachner;R. Sampson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jared N. Schachner;R. Sampson
高技能的父母会采取不同的策略来培养孩子的发展，但人们对父母的认知技能如何与大都市的机会结构和居住流动性相互作用，从而塑造儿童生活中不平等的主要领域：邻里关系，知之甚少。我们整合了多种文献，根据社区社会经济地位和公立学校考试成绩，提出了基于父母技能的排序假设，并使用洛杉矶家庭和社区调查的原始后续调查进行了测试。这些数据包括有孩子的家庭十多年的居住历史，这些数据与人口普查、地理信息系统和教育行政数据相关。我们构建了邻里选择的离散选择模型，该模型考虑了家庭类型之间的异质性，结合了洛杉矶县独特的空间结构，并包含了广泛的邻里因素。结果表明，在考虑并确认种族、收入、教育、住房市场条件和空间邻近性的预期影响后，父母的认知技能与社区社会经济地位相互作用，以预测住宅选择。在上层/中上层阶级的父母中，认知技能预测的是公立学校平均考试成绩而不是社区社会经济地位的排序。总体而言，我们揭示了基于技能的情境排序是城市分层的一个被忽视的驱动因素。
Highly skilled parents deploy distinct strategies to cultivate their children’s development, but little is known about how parental cognitive skills interact with metropolitan opportunity structures and residential mobility to shape a major domain of inequality in children’s lives: the neighborhood. We integrate multiple literatures to develop hypotheses on parental skill-based sorting by neighborhood socioeconomic status and public school test scores, which we test using an original follow-up of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. These data include more than a decade’s worth of residential histories for households with children that are linked to census, geographic information system, and educational administrative data. We construct discrete-choice models of neighborhood selection that account for heterogeneity among household types, incorporate the unique spatial structure of Los Angeles County, and include a wide range of neighborhood factors. The results show that parents’ cognitive skills interact with neighborhood socioeconomic status to predict residential selection after accounting for, and confirming, the expected influences of race, income, education, housing market conditions, and spatial proximity. Among parents in the upper/upper-middle class, cognitive skills predict sorting on average public school test scores rather than neighborhood socioeconomic status. Overall, we reveal skill-based contextual sorting as an overlooked driver of urban stratification.