Insulin in the brain: a hormonal regulator of energy balance.
Insulin in the brain: a hormonal regulator of energy balance.
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DOI：
10.1210/edrv-13-3-387
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发表时间：
1992-08
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
M. Schwartz;D. Figlewicz;D. Baskin;S. Woods;D. Porte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Schwartz;D. Figlewicz;D. Baskin;S. Woods;D. Porte
脑糖代谢的早期研究确立了中枢神经系统（CNS）利用葡萄糖不需要胰岛素的公理(1)。这个概念的一个推论是，循环中的胰岛素不能穿过血脑屏障（BBB），因此对大脑没有影响。虽然第一个原则仍然没有受到挑战，但随着在成年哺乳动物大脑中发现胰岛素(2)及其受体(3)，第二个原则已经受到了十多年的详细审查。早期关于脑提取物中相对高浓度胰岛素的报道，提出了胰岛素在中枢神经系统局部合成和释放的可能性，正如其他几种肽激素所证实的那样(2)。然而，最近的研究表明，“脑胰岛素”主要来源于循环(4)，越来越多的证据表明，它的传递到神经细胞可能是由一个专门的血脑屏障促进的。
I. Introduction EARLY studies of brain glucose metabolism established the axiom that insulin is not required for utilization of glucose by the central nervous system (CNS) (1). A corollary to this concept was the belief that circulating insulin is incapable of crossing the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) and is therefore without effects in the brain. While the first of these tenets remains unchallenged, the second has been subjected to detailed scrutiny for over a decade, following the identification of both insulin (2) and its receptor (3) in the adult mammalian brain. Early reports of relatively high concentrations of insulin in brain extracts raised the possibility that insulin is synthesized and released locally in the CNS, as had been established for several other peptide hormones (2). Recent investigations, however, indicate that “brain insulin” is derived largely from the circulation (4), and a growing body of evidence suggests that its delivery into the neuropil may be facilitated by a specialized BBB tr...