Detection of formaldehyde emissions from an industrial zone in the Yangtze-River-Delta region of China
Detection of formaldehyde emissions from an industrial zone in the Yangtze-River-Delta region of China
复制标题
利用质子转移反应离子漂移化学电离质谱仪检测中国长三角地区工业区甲醛排放量
DOI：
10.5194/amt-9-6101-2016
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Jun Zheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yan Ma;Yiwei Diao;Bingjie Zhang;Weiwei Wang;Xinrong Ren;Dongsen Yang;Ming Wang;Xiaowen Shi;Jun Zheng
抽象。2015年春季，在中国长江三角洲某工业园区附近建立了质子转移反应离子漂移化学电离质谱仪（PTR-ID-CIMS），用于研究工业相关的挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放。空气污染物，包括甲醛（HCHO），芳烃，和其他微量气体（O3和CO）的同时测量。湿度对PTR-ID-CIMS检测甲醛的灵敏度的影响进行了研究和量化。PTR-ID-CIMS的性能也通过与使用2，4-二硝基苯腙（DNPH）柱的离线HCHO测量技术的相互比较进行了验证，结果显示出相当好的一致性（斜率= 0.81，R2 = 0.80）。基于背景信号标准偏差的3倍，确定HCHO的PTR-ID-CIMS检测限（10 s，三个占空比平均值）为0.9-2.4（RH = 1- 81.5%）ppm（按体积计）。在实地研究期间，观测到的甲醛浓度范围在1.8至12.8 ppbv之间，活动平均值为4.1 ± 1.6 ppbv，这与中国其他类似地点的甲醛观测结果相当。然而，HCHO的日廓线显示很少的功能，次生形成。此外，HCHO和芳香族VOCs的时间序列表明当地排放的强烈影响。使用多元线性回归拟合模型，观测到的HCHO平均可归因于次级形成（13.8%）、背景水平（27.0%）和与工业相关的排放，即，燃烧源（43.2%）和化学制品（16.0%）。此外，在羽流中，与工业有关的排放量可占观测到的HCHO的69.2%。这项工作提供了直接证据，证明工业相关活动产生了大量的甲醛初级排放。这些主要的甲醛来源可能对中国该地区的局部和区域空气污染形成产生强烈影响。鉴于长三角是中国最大的经济区，石化工业密集，初级工业HCHO排放应严格监测和监管。
Abstract. A proton transfer reaction ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometer (PTR-ID-CIMS) equipped with a hydronium (H3+O) ion source was developed and deployed near an industrial zone in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China in spring 2015 to investigate industry-related emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Air pollutants including formaldehyde (HCHO), aromatics, and other trace gases (O3 and CO) were simultaneously measured. Humidity effects on the sensitivity of the PTR-ID-CIMS for HCHO detection were investigated and quantified. The performances of the PTR-ID-CIMS were also validated by intercomparing with offline HCHO measurement technique using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) cartridges and the results showed fairly good agreement (slope = 0.81, R2 = 0.80). The PTR-ID-CIMS detection limit of HCHO (10 s, three-duty-cycle averages) was determined to be 0.9–2.4 (RH = 1–81.5 %) parts per billion by volume (ppbv) based on 3 times the standard deviations of the background signals. During the field study, observed HCHO concentrations ranged between 1.8 and 12.8 ppbv with a campaign average of 4.1 ± 1.6 ppbv, which was comparable with previous HCHO observations in other similar locations of China. However, HCHO diurnal profiles showed few features of secondary formation. In addition, time series of both HCHO and aromatic VOCs indicated strong influence from local emissions. Using a multiple linear regression fit model, on average the observed HCHO can be attributed to secondary formation (13.8 %), background level (27.0 %), and industry-related emissions, i.e., combustion sources (43.2 %) and chemical productions (16.0 %). Moreover, within the plumes the industry-related emissions can account for up to 69.2 % of the observed HCHO. This work has provided direct evidence of strong primary emissions of HCHO from industry-related activities. These primary HCHO sources can potentially have a strong impact on local and regional air pollution formation in this area of China. Given the fact that the YRD is the largest economic zone in China and is dense with petrochemical industries, primary industrial HCHO emissions should be strictly monitored and regulated.