Textile Fibers
Textile Fibers
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纺织纤维
DOI：
10.1086/331330
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发表时间：
1914
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Crocker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Crocker
STIRM的一本关于纺织纤维化学技术的书涉及纤维的衍生和处理的每个阶段：来源，获得方法，物理和化学特性，原纤维的洗涤和漂白，冲压和染色的准备，以及冲压和染色本身。该作品涵盖植物纤维（棉花和各种韧皮纤维，如亚麻，大麻，黄麻和马尼拉），动物纤维（羊毛，头发和丝绸），矿物纤维（石棉），以及从矿物原料（玻璃和矿物纤维）和植物原料（印度橡胶纤维和人造丝）人工生产的纤维。植物纤维的研究工作使植物学家想起了这些技术工作者对棉花、韧皮等的组织学、化学和物理学的详细研究。在棉花的情况下，人们发现我们对纤维的组织学和微观化学的知识有一个很好的总结。给出了纤维的化学组成，包括作为杂质涉及的物质，以及去除方法。纤维素的化学是简要处理，与各种理论，其分子量和结构式。纤维素的行为对许多试剂在不同浓度（酸，碱，盐，氧化剂和水解剂，和各种溶剂）清楚地总结。在漂白、丝光和人造丝的形成等过程中所涉及的变化进行了讨论，沿着的理论提供了解释。作者认识到，许多与纤维素有关的问题属于胶体化学领域。韧皮纤维的组织学和化学也受到同样的考虑。这项工作提醒人们，对技术工人有用的知识往往与对“纯粹”科学家有意义的知识相同。威廉克罗克。
A book by STIRM' on the chemical technology of textile fibers deals with every phase of the derivation and handling of the fibers: source, method of obtaining, physical and chemical character, washing and bleaching of the raw fiber, preparation for stamping and dyeing, and stamping and dyeing themselves. The work covers plant fibers (cotton and various bast fibers, such as flax, hemp, jute, and manila), animal fibers (wool, hair, and silk), mineral fibers (asbestos), and artificially produced fibers from mineral raw materials (glass and mineral fiber) and from plant raw materials (India rubber fiber and artificial silk). The work on plant fibers reminds the botanist of the detail with which these technical workers have studied the histology, chemistry, and physics of cotton, bast, etc. In the case of cotton, one finds a good summary of our knowledge of the histology and microchemistry of the fiber. The chemical composition of the fiber is given, including the substances involved as impurities, with methods of removal. The chemistry of cellulose is dealt with briefly, with various theories as to its molecular weight and structural formula. The behavior of cellulose toward many reagents in various concentrations (acids, bases, salts, oxidizing and hydrolizing agents, and various solvents) is clearly summarized. The changes involved in such processes as bleaching, mercerization, and formation of artificial silk are discussed, along with the theories offered in explanation. The author recognizes many of the problems with cellulose as belonging to the field of colloidal chemistry. The histology and chemistry of bast fibers receive like consideration. The work reminds one that the knowledge useful to the technical worker is often the same as that which is of significance to the "pure" scientist.-WILLIAM CROCKER.