Chapter 8. Topography in language: Absolute Frame of Reference and the Topographic Correspondence Hypothesis
Chapter 8. Topography in language: Absolute Frame of Reference and the Topographic Correspondence Hypothesis
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第 8 章 语言中的地形：绝对参照系和地形对应假说
DOI：
10.1075/clscc.6.08pal
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
39.2
通讯作者：
Bill Palmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bill Palmer
本章对空间语言中的绝对参照系概念进行了重新评价。它重新评估了莱文森被广泛接受的绝对For的定义，因为它涉及固定的、抽象的和任意的方位，而绝对For涉及一种二元关系。相反，这一章认为，绝对形式是一种三元关系，而不是二元关系，绝对系统不需要是固定的，也不是定义上的抽象或任意的。它认为，莱文森的定义是规定的，并且存在一系列在操作上相同的系统，其中一些符合莱文森的标准，另一些则不符合。它提出了一个以业务为基础的绝对的新定义，该定义可以一致地适用于一系列空间系统，这些空间系统在For方面的地位一直存在争议或难以归类。这一章提供的证据表明，绝对空间参照涉及外部世界的一个或多个锚点，而不是任意的抽象关系。将这一假设表述为地形对应假说，文章认为绝对空间系统不仅植根于外部物理环境，而且至少部分地受到外部物理环境的推动。本文最后提出了一种环境变量方法来检验这一假设。
This chapter re-evaluates the notion of absolute Frame of Reference (FoR) in spatial language. It reassesses Levinson’s widely accepted definition of absolute FoR as involving bearings that are fixed, abstract and arbitrary, and that absolute FoR involves a binary relation. The chapter argues instead that absolute FoR is a ternary relation, not a binary one, and that absolute systems need not be fixed, and are not definitionally abstract or arbitrary. It argues that Levinson’s definition is stipulative, and that a range of operationally identical systems exist, some of which conform to Levinson’s criteria, others of which do not. It presents a new operationally-based definition of absolute FoR which may be applied consistently across a range of spatial systems whose status in terms of FoR have been controversial or difficult to categorize. The chapter presents evidence that rather than an arbitrary abstract relation, absolute spatial references involve an anchor point or points in the external world. Formulating this as a Topographic Correspondence Hypothesis, the paper argues that absolute spatial systems are not merely anchored in, but motivated, at least in part, by the external physical environment. The paper concludes by proposing an Environment Variable Method to test this hypothesis.