Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Spreading Oil and Gas Wastewater on Roads
Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Spreading Oil and Gas Wastewater on Roads
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石油和天然气废水在道路上扩散对环境和人类健康的影响
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.8b00716
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Fowler, L. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tasker, T. L.;Burgos, W. D.;Piotrowski, P.;Castillo-Meza, L.;Blewett, T. A.;Ganow, K. B.;Stallworth, A.;Delompré, P. L.;Goss, G. G.;Fowler, L. B.
美国有13个州允许在道路上散布O&G废水，用于除冰或抑尘。在这项研究中，这种做法的潜在环境和人类健康的影响进行了评估。对美国东北部道路上传播的O&G废水的分析表明，这些废水含有盐、放射性和有机污染物浓度，通常比饮用水标准高出许多倍。生物测定还表明，这些废水中含有有机微污染物，会影响与异生物质代谢一致的信号通路，并对大型蚤等水生生物产生毒性。这些废水的潜在毒性是一个问题，因为实验室实验表明，几乎所有来自这些废水的金属都在下雨后从道路中浸出，可能到达地下水和地表水。已知致癌物质的释放（例如，镭）的道路处理O&G废水已在很大程度上被忽视。在宾夕法尼亚州，从2008年到2014年，在道路上传播O&G废水释放到环境中的镭（320毫居里）是O&G废水处理设施的4倍，是泄漏事件的200倍。目前，各州的法规不要求在用O&G废水处理道路之前进行镭分析。讨论了减少O&G废水对道路的潜在影响的方法。
Thirteen states in the United States allow the spreading of O&G wastewaters on roads for deicing or dust suppression. In this study, the potential environmental and human health impacts of this practice are evaluated. Analyses of O&G wastewaters spread on roads in the northeastern, U.S. show that these wastewaters have salt, radioactivity, and organic contaminant concentrations often many times above drinking water standards. Bioassays also indicated that these wastewaters contain organic micropollutants that affected signaling pathways consistent with xenobiotic metabolism and caused toxicity to aquatic organisms likeDaphnia magna. The potential toxicity of these wastewaters is a concern as lab experiments demonstrated that nearly all of the metals from these wastewaters leach from roads after rain events, likely reaching ground and surface water. Release of a known carcinogen (e.g., radium) from roads treated with O&G wastewaters has been largely ignored. In Pennsylvania from 2008 to 2014, spreading O&G wastewater on roads released over 4 times more radium to the environment (320 millicuries) than O&G wastewater treatment facilities and 200 times more radium than spill events. Currently, state-by-state regulations do not require radium analyses prior to treating roads with O&G wastewaters. Methods for reducing the potential impacts of spreading O&G wastewaters on roads are discussed.