Frege’s Principle

Frege’s Principle
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弗雷格原理

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发表时间:
1995
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通讯作者:
Richard G. Heck
Richard G. Heck
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作者:
Richard G. Heck

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在他的《算术原理》中,弗雷格确实证明了“最简单的数定律”,算术公理就在这些定律之中。然而,众所周知,弗雷格并不是“仅通过逻辑手段”这样做,因为他的证明诉诸于一个公理,该公理不仅不是逻辑真理,而且是逻辑错误。所讨论的公理是弗雷格的公理 V,它控制以下形式的项: $$mathop varepsilon 限制^, $$ .Φ(e)”,这些术语旨在指弗雷格所说的“值范围”。就目前的目的而言,公理 V 可以写成:2 $$mathop varepsilon 极限^, .Fvarepsilon = mathop varepsilon 极限^, .Gvarepsilon 等价 forall left( {Fx 等价 Gx} 右)。$$ 因此,Grundgesetze 的形式理论,就像任何包含这句话的(完整)3 二阶理论一样,是不一致的,因为罗素悖论是从(完整)二阶逻辑中的公理 V 推导出来的。
In his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik,1 Frege does indeed prove the “simplest laws of Numbers”, the axioms of arithmetic being among these laws. However, as is well known, Frege does not do so “by logical means alone”, since his proofs appeal to an axiom which is not only not a logical truth but a logical falsehood. The axiom in question is Frege’s Axiom V, which governs terms of the form “ $$mathop varepsilon limits^, $$ .Φ(e)”, terms which purport to refer to what Frege calls ‘value-ranges’. For present purposes, Axiom V may be written:2 $$mathop varepsilon limits^, .Fvarepsilon = mathop varepsilon limits^, .Gvarepsilon equiv forall left( {Fx equiv Gx} ight).$$ The formal theory of Grundgesetze, like any (full)3 second-order theory containing this sentence, is thus inconsistent, since Russell’s Paradox is derivable from Axiom V in (full) second-order logic.