EFFECTS OF EXPECTANCY ON WORKING AND WAITING FOR LARGER REWARDS
EFFECTS OF EXPECTANCY ON WORKING AND WAITING FOR LARGER REWARDS
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DOI：
10.1037/h0022677
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发表时间：
1965-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
STAUB, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MISCHEL, W;STAUB, E
本研究调查了情境和广义的成功预期对选择即时的，价值较低的，非偶然的奖励，而不是更有价值的偶然奖励的影响。对成功的普遍期望的措施管理到8年级的男孩谁后来在一系列的问题上工作，并获得成功，失败，或没有信息的性能。此后，每个S在价值较低的、非偶然的奖励和更有价值的奖励之间做出选择，这些奖励的实现取决于问题的成功解决方案，这些问题与原始问题的相似性-不相似性和/或额外的延迟时间。正如所预测的那样，成功后比失败后更多地选择或有奖励，并且S在特定的意外事件之间进行区分。情境成功和失败的影响倾向于最小化广义期望的影响。此外，在无信息条件下，高广义成功期望的儿童比低期望的儿童选择更多的或有奖励，表现得像成功条件下的S。没有得到关于他们表现的信息的低广义期望的孩子表现得像那些同样低广义期望的孩子一样失败。失败后，对成功的普遍期望影响了等待更大回报的意愿，即使他们的成就与表现无关。(19参考文献）（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
This study investigated the effects of situational and generalized expectancies for success on choices of immediate, less valuable, noncontingent rewards as opposed to more valuable contingent rewards. Measures of generalized expectancy for success were administered to 8th-grade boys who later worked on a series of problems and obtained either success, failure, or no information for performance. Thereafter, each S chose between less valuable, noncontingent rewards and more valuable rewards whose attainment was contingent on successful solutions of problems varying in their similarity-dissimilarity to the original problems and/or an additional delay period. As predicted, contingent rewards were chosen more after success than failure and Ss discriminated between specific contingencies. The effects of situational success and failure tended to minimize the effects of generalized expectancies. Moreover, in the no-information condition children with high generalized expectancies for success chose more contingent rewards than those with low expectancies and behaved like Ss in the success condition. Children with low generalized expectancies who received no information about their performance behaved like those with similarly low generalized expectancies who had obtained failure. Following failure, generalized expectancies for success affected willingness to wait for larger rewards even when their attainment was independent of performance.(19 ref.)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)