HIV/Aids and land: case studies from Kenya, Lesotho and South Africa.
HIV/Aids and land: case studies from Kenya, Lesotho and South Africa.
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DOI：
10.1080/0376835032000149289
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Drimie, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drimie, S.
最近在莱索托、肯尼亚和南非进行的研究（涉及所有 3 个国家的 2 个社区的 20 个家庭）表明，人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）或获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）将严重影响一系列土地问题，这是这些国家极高的感染率的直接结果。艾滋病毒或艾滋病将影响不同形式的土地利用、土地管理系统的运作、妇女和孤儿以及穷人的土地权利以及继承做法和规范。这种流行病不仅影响感染者的生产力，而且还使家庭和大家庭在照顾病人时将精力从其他生产和生殖活动中转移出来。受影响的家庭低于脆弱性和“生存能力”的社会和经济阈值，使得幸存者（主要是年轻人和老年人）的资源有限，无法迅速恢复可持续生计。这表明有效的土地管理系统和土地权利的重要性，因为艾滋病毒或艾滋病影响家庭和个人持有、使用和交易土地的条款和条件。这对于妇女和儿童的权利具有特别的共鸣，在农村权力关系本身受到疫情压力越来越大的背景下，妇女和儿童的权利特别容易被剥夺。因此，艾滋病毒或艾滋病对土地的影响给土地政策和计划带来了复杂而敏感的问题，特别是如果这些政策和计划旨在支持农村发展和可持续生计的话。
Recent research conducted in Lesotho, Kenya and South Africa (involving 20 households in 2 communities in all 3 countries) has revealed that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) will seriously impact on a range of land issues as a direct result of very high infection rates in these countries. HIV or AIDS will affect different forms of land use, the functioning of land administration systems, land rights of women and orphans as well as the poor generally, and inheritance practices and norms. The epidemic not only affects the productivity of the infected, but also diverts the labour of the household and extended family away from other productive and reproductive activities as they take care of the sick. Affected households fall below the social and economic threshold of vulnerability and 'survivability', leaving the survivors (mainly the young and elderly) with limited resources to quickly regain a sustainable livelihood. This indicates the importance of effective land administration systems and of land rights as HIV or AIDS impacts on the terms and conditions on which households and individuals hold, use and transact land. This has a particular resonance for women and children's rights, which, in the context of rural power relations that are themselves coming under increasing pressure from the epidemic, are especially vulnerable to being usurped. Thus, the impact of HIV or AIDS on land raises complex and sensitive issues for land policies and programmes, particularly if they are intended to underpin rural development and sustainable livelihoods.