Radiant flux density, energy density and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires
Radiant flux density, energy density and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires
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DOI：
10.1071/wf10143
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Bova, A. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kremens, R. L.;Dickinson, M. B.;Bova, A. S.
关闭荒地火灾热预算涉及表征的热源和能量耗散在燃料和火灾行为的变化范围。迎接这一挑战将为预测火灾的直接生态效应和火灾-大气耦合奠定基础。在本文中，我们专注于火灾辐射场之间的关系，从天顶测量，燃料消耗和蔓延火焰前锋的行为。实验进行了8 × 8米的室外地块使用预处理的荒地燃料特性的混合橡树森林的美国东部。使用双波段辐射计，在4.2米的高度上，视场类似于18.5米（2），我们发现在0.15和3.25公斤米（-2）之间的燃料消耗范围内，火灾辐射能量密度呈近线性增加。使用综合热预算，我们估计，总的理论燃烧能量密度的分数辐射的情节平均为0.17，在羽流中传输的潜热的分数平均为0.08，和分数占火灾对流能量传输和土壤加热的组合平均为0.72。未来的工作至少需要对一系列燃料中辐射、对流和土壤加热传输的能量进行瞬时和时间综合估计。
Closing the wildland fire heat budget involves characterising the heat source and energy dissipation across the range of variability in fuels and fire behaviour. Meeting this challenge will lay the foundation for predicting direct ecological effects of fires and fire-atmosphere coupling. In this paper, we focus on the relationships between the fire radiation field, as measured from the zenith, fuel consumption and the behaviour of spreading flame fronts. Experiments were conducted in 8 x 8-m outdoor plots using preconditioned wildland fuels characteristic of mixed-oak forests of the eastern United States. Using dual-band radiometers with a field of view of similar to 18.5 m(2) at a height of 4.2 m, we found a near-linear increase in fire radiative energy density over a range of fuel consumption between 0.15 and 3.25 kg m(-2). Using an integrated heat budget, we estimate that the fraction of total theoretical combustion energy density radiated from the plot averaged 0.17, the fraction of latent energy transported in the plume averaged 0.08, and the fraction accounted for by the combination of fire convective energy transport and soil heating averaged 0.72. Future work will require, at minimum, instantaneous and time-integrated estimates of energy transported by radiation, convection and soil heating across a range of fuels.