Two enabling factors for farmer-driven pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries
Two enabling factors for farmer-driven pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries
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DOI：
10.1080/14735903.2021.1916254
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发表时间：
2022-01-02
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tsivelikas, Athanasios
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christmann, Stefanie;Aw-Hassan, Aden;Tsivelikas, Athanasios
在高收入国家，基于奖励的野花带是最常见的传粉者保护方法。低收入和中等收入国家负担不起这种做法。乌兹别克斯坦一项前景看好的试点研究提出了一种替代方法，即用替代传粉者耕种，重点关注农民作为目标群体、适销对路的生境改善植物和一种方法--内在激励：第一年就已经实现了更高的每表面收入。我们假设，更高的收入将是一个可在各大洲复制的促进因素，但在许多低收入和中等收入国家，提高知识运动是必要的。2015-2016年间，我们在摩洛哥的少数农民中评估了这一激励措施的可重复性，但重点是评估农民是否有足够的知识来识别野生传粉者并使用这种方法。我们使用标准化问卷对中低收入国家(摩洛哥、土耳其和贝宁)三个文化不同的农业社会(摩洛哥、土耳其和贝宁)的小农户进行了766次访谈。在摩洛哥，使用替代授粉者的农业带来了更高的收入(75%(2015年)，177%(2016年))。审判和调查表明，作为第二个促进因素，知识提高运动是必不可少的。然而，在能力建设的基础上，使用替代传粉者的农业确实具有在低收入和中等收入国家促进传粉者保护的很大潜力。
Reward-based wildflower strips are the most common approach for pollinator protection in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford this practice. A promising pilot study in Uzbekistan introduced an alternative approach, Farming with Alternative Pollinators, focusing on farmers as target group, marketable habitat enhancement plants and a method-inherent incentive: higher income per surface achieved already in the first year. We hypothesized that higher income would be a replicable enabling factor across continents, but a knowledge-raising campaign would be necessary in many low- and middle-income countries. We assessed the replicability of the incentive with a small number of farmers in 2015-2016 in Morocco but focused on assessing if farmers have sufficient knowledge to recognize wild pollinators and use this approach. We conducted 766 interviews using a standardized questionnaire with randomly selected smallholder farmers in three culturally different farming societies of low-and middle-income countries (Morocco, Turkey and Benin). Farming with Alternative Pollinators induced higher income (75% (2015), 177% (2016)) also in Morocco. The trial and the survey show the indispensability of a knowledge-raising campaign as the second enabling factor. However, based on capacity building, Farming with Alternative Pollinators could have indeed high potential to promote pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries.