CHILDHOOD DROWNING AND NEAR-DROWNING IN BRISBANE - THE CONTRIBUTION OF DOMESTIC POOLS
CHILDHOOD DROWNING AND NEAR-DROWNING IN BRISBANE - THE CONTRIBUTION OF DOMESTIC POOLS
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DOI：
10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb121253.x
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发表时间：
1991-05-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
BALANDA, KP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PITT, WR;BALANDA, KP
目的：描述布里斯班家庭游泳池溺水和接近溺水的流行病学，并检查包括游泳池围栏在内的各种预防措施的有效性。设计：一个前瞻性的、以医院为基础的伤害监测系统来描述溺水和接近溺水的流行病学，以及一个社区调查来描述泳池围栏。环境：监测问卷由家长、护士和医生在急诊科就诊时完成。通过分层抽样方案随机选择的家庭的个人访谈提供了池围栏描述。参与者：所有139名在马特儿童医院集水区的医院因浸水而受伤的儿童都包括在内。在接受社区调查的1024个家庭中，有204个家庭拥有游泳池。结果：100宗家庭泳池溺水和溺水事故相当于每10万名0-13岁儿童每年15.5宗，而关键的1-3岁儿童每年64.9宗。在72名意外进入家庭游泳池的儿童中，88.9%的儿童年龄在3岁以下，52.8%的儿童年龄在2岁以下。所有10名溺水儿童和5名严重脑损伤儿童（年龄范围，12-32个月）都在这一组。意外进入围栏泳池导致溺水或接近溺水的风险是围栏泳池相关风险的3.76倍（相对风险的95%置信限：2.14,6.62）。结论：泳池围栏是防止儿童溺水和接近溺水的有效方法。如果能够增强闸门关闭的依从性，则可以进一步提高这种有效性。在普及泳池围栏的同时，在促进健康方面应强调这一点。
Objective: To describe the epidemiology of domestic swimming pool drowning and near-drowning in Brisbane and to examine the efficacy of a broad range of preventive options, including pool fences.Design: A prospective, hospital-based, injury surveillance system to describe the epidemiology of drowning and near-drowning and a community survey to describe pool fencing.Setting: The surveillance questionnaire was completed at presentation in the Emergency Department by the parent, nurse and doctor. Personal interviews in households that were randomly selected by means of a stratified sampling scheme provided the pool fencing description.Participants: All 139 children suffering from an immersion injury resulting in presentation at a hospital in the catchment area of The Mater Children's Hospital were included. There were 204 households with a swimming pool in the 1024 households interviewed in the community survey.Results: The 100 domestic pool drownings and near-drownings were equivalent to 15.5 incidents per year per 100 000 children aged 0-13 years and 64.9 per year per 100 000 for the critical 1-3 years age group. Of 72 children who gained unintended access to a domestic pool, 88.9% were less than 3 years of age and 52.8% were less than 2 years. All 10 of the children who drowned and five who were severely brain damaged (age range, 12-32 months) were in this group. The risk of a drowning or near-drowning involving unintended access to an unfenced pool is 3.76 times higher than the risk associated with a fenced pool (95% confidence limits for relative risk: 2.14, 6.62).Conclusions: Pool fences are an effective method of preventing child drownings and near-drownings. This effectiveness can be further improved if compliance with gate closure can be enhanced. This should be emphasised in health promotion accompanying the introduction of universal pool fencing.