WEATHERING OF SOME SCOTTISH BASIC IGNEOUS ROCKS WITH REFERENCE TO SOIL FORMATION
WEATHERING OF SOME SCOTTISH BASIC IGNEOUS ROCKS WITH REFERENCE TO SOIL FORMATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2389.1962.tb00698.x
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发表时间：
1962-09
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Wilma W. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wilma W. Smith
摘要 通过光学显微镜和 X 射线技术研究了下石炭世几种基性火成岩的风化作用。尽管矿物学相似，但岩石具有不同的纹理，细粒岩石最能抵抗物理崩解。在每种岩石中，橄榄石都受到热液蚀变的影响，产生层状晶格硅酸盐。描述了这些产品和岩石的其他矿物成分的风化。选择细砂部分（0·2-0·02 毫米）是为了确定原生矿物在风化条件下的相对稳定性。从稳定性增加的顺序排列为拉长石、辉石、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、赤铁矿。淤泥 (0·02-0·002 mm.) 和粘土 (< 1.4 μ) 部分含有皂石和/或蛭石，主要取决于辉石和长石的风化条件。高岭土以两种粒度级数存在，但伊利石很稀少。在大多数情况下，粉砂和粘土部分的阳离子交换能力（c.e.c.）与层状晶格硅酸盐含量一致。
Summary The weathering of several basic igneous rocks of Lower Carboniferous age has been studied by optical microscopy and X-ray techniques. Although similar in mineralogy, the rocks have different textures and the fine-grained ones are most resistant to physical disintegration. In every rock, olivine has been affected by hydrothermal alteration to produce layer lattice silicates. The weathering of these products and the other mineral constituents of the rocks is described. The fine-sand fraction (0·2-0·02 mm.) was selected for the purpose of determining relative stabilities of the primary minerals under weathering conditions. In order of increasing stability, the arrangement is labradorite, augite, magnetite, ilmenite, and hematite. The silt (0·02-0·002 mm.) and clay (< 1.4 μ) fractions contain saponite and/or vermiculite depending mainly on the weathering conditions of augite and felspar. Kaolin is present in both size fractions but illite is scarce. The cation-exchange capacity (c.e.c.) of both silt and clay fractions is consistent in most cases with the layer lattice silicate contents.