Fungal soil communities in a young transgenic poplar plantation form a rich reservoir for fungal root communities.
Fungal soil communities in a young transgenic poplar plantation form a rich reservoir for fungal root communities.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.305
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发表时间：
2012-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Reich, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danielsen, L.;Thuermer, A.;Meinicke, P.;Buee, M.;Morin, E.;Martin, F.;Pilate, G.;Daniel, R.;Polle, A.;Reich, M.
关键词：
真菌群落在生态系统功能中发挥着关键作用。然而，人们对它们在植物根部和生物质种植园土壤中的成分知之甚少。本研究的目的是分析地下栖息地的真菌生物多样性，并获取外生菌根 (ECM) 真菌形成菌落策略的信息。在一个 2 年生的人工林中，通过针对 rDNA 内部转录间隔区 1 (ITS) 区域的 454 焦磷酸测序分析了三种不同杨树基因型（白杨、野生型和两个肉桂醇脱氢酶活性受到抑制的转基因品系）的土壤和根部的真菌群落。将结果与随后两年通过形态分型/桑格测序研究的根相关 ECM 群落的动态进行了比较。在这个简单的种植园生态系统中，土壤中的真菌物种和科丰富度出人意料地高，有 5944 个操作分类单元 (OTU) 和 186 个描述的真菌科。这些发现表明真菌物种已经可用于植物根部定植（2399 个 OTU 和 115 个科）的重要性。杨树植物的转基因修饰对真菌根部或土壤群落没有影响。真菌科和 OTU 在土壤中的分布比在根部的分布更均匀，这可能是由于种植园建立之前进行了土壤耕作的结果。腐生真菌、病原真菌和内生真菌是土壤中的主要类群，而 ECM 在根部中占主导地位 (87%)。土壤中丛枝菌根多样性高于根部。与 454 次分析检测到的 ECM 真菌相比，根相关 ECM 群落的物种丰富度较低，但一年后有所增加。这种增加主要是由前一年在根部追踪到的 ECM 真菌物种引起的。这一结果支持了根部存在的 ECM 比土壤本地化的 ECM 真菌具有竞争优势的优先概念。
Fungal communities play a key role in ecosystem functioning. However, only little is known about their composition in plant roots and the soil of biomass plantations. The goal of this study was to analyze fungal biodiversity in their belowground habitats and to gain information on the strategies by which ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form colonies. In a 2-year-old plantation, fungal communities in the soil and roots of three different poplar genotypes (Populus × canescens, wildtype and two transgenic lines with suppressed cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity) were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing targeting the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS) region. The results were compared with the dynamics of the root-associated ECM community studied by morphotyping/Sanger sequencing in two subsequent years. Fungal species and family richness in the soil were surprisingly high in this simple plantation ecosystem, with 5944 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 186 described fungal families. These findings indicate the importance that fungal species are already available for colonization of plant roots (2399 OTUs and 115 families). The transgenic modification of poplar plants had no influence on fungal root or soil communities. Fungal families and OTUs were more evenly distributed in the soil than in roots, probably as a result of soil plowing before the establishment of the plantation. Saprophytic, pathogenic, and endophytic fungi were the dominating groups in soil, whereas ECMs were dominant in roots (87%). Arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity was higher in soil than in roots. Species richness of the root-associated ECM community, which was low compared with ECM fungi detected by 454 analyses, increased after 1 year. This increase was mainly caused by ECM fungal species already traced in the preceding year in roots. This result supports the priority concept that ECMs present on roots have a competitive advantage over soil-localized ECM fungi.
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