Social Class Predicts Emotion Perception and Perspective-Taking Performance in Adults
Social Class Predicts Emotion Perception and Perspective-Taking Performance in Adults
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167220914116
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发表时间：
2020-04-27
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Knowles, Eric D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dietze, Pia;Knowles, Eric D.
“心理理论”（Theory of Mind, ToM，人们推断和利用他人心理状态信息的能力）在不同的文化中有所不同。在四项研究（N = 881）中，包括两项预注册的重复研究，我们表明社会阶层可以预测ToM任务的表现。在研究1A和1B中，我们为社会阶层和情绪感知之间的关系提供了新的证据：社会阶层较高的个体比社会阶层较低的个体在“眼睛读心”测试中的表现更差，该测试要求参与者从目标的眼睛图像中推断其情绪状态。在研究2A和2B中，我们首次提供了社会阶层预测视觉视角的证据：在要求参与者假设另一个人的视觉视角的导演任务中，社会阶层较高的个体比社会阶层较低的个体犯了更多的错误。本文讨论了社会阶层与不同ToM领域的表现之间的潜在联系机制，以及对低社会阶层以缺陷为中心的观点的影响。
"Theory of Mind" (ToM; people's ability to infer and use information about others' mental states) varies across cultures. In four studies (N = 881), including two preregistered replications, we show that social class predicts performance on ToM tasks. In Studies 1A and 1B, we provide new evidence for a relationship between social class and emotion perception: Higher-class individuals performed more poorly than their lower-class counterparts on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, which has participants infer the emotional states of targets from images of their eyes. In Studies 2A and 2B, we provide the first evidence that social class predicts visual perspective taking: Higher-class individuals made more errors than lower-class individuals in the Director Task, which requires participants to assume the visual perspective of another person. Potential mechanisms linking social class to performance in different ToM domains, as well as implications for deficiency-centered perspectives on low social class, are discussed.