Emotional reactions to learning in cattle
Emotional reactions to learning in cattle
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2003.11.007
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发表时间：
2004-03-25
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Broom, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagen, K;Broom, DM
有人认为，在工具学习过程中，动物可能会对强化物产生情绪反应。他们还可能对自己的成就做出情绪化的反应。这些反应与动物的自我意识能力有关。因此，我们设计了一个涉及操作任务获取的轭控制实验。我们的目的是确定幼牛对自己学习的情绪反应，并将其与对食物奖励的反应区分开来。将 12 头 7-12 个月大的荷斯坦-弗里斯兰小母牛分为两组。实验组中的小母牛经过 14 天的训练，会按下面板以打开获得食物奖励的大门。对于对照组中的小母牛，门在等于其匹配伙伴打开门的延迟时间后打开。为了观察大门打开后小母牛在运动过程中的动作，从大门到食槽有15 m的赛跑距离。测量了小母牛的心率以及它们在赛跑中奔向食物奖励时的行为。当实验小母牛在学习方面取得明显进步时，与对照组相比，它们比其他情况更有可能有更高的心率，并且在比赛中往往移动得更有活力。这项实验发现了一些（尽管不确定）的迹象，表明牛可能会对自己的学习进步产生情绪反应。 (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally to the reinforcer. They may in addition react emotionally to their own achievements. These reactions are of interest with regard to the animals' capacity for self-awareness. Therefore, we devised a yoked control experiment involving the acquisition of an operant task. We aimed to identify the emotional reactions of young cattle to their own learning and to separate these from reactions to a food reward. Twelve Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 7-12 months were divided into two groups. Heifers in the experimental group were conditioned over a 14-day period to press a panel in order to open a gate for access to a food reward. For heifers in the control group, the gate opened after a delay equal to their matched partner's latency to open it. To allow for observation of the heifers' movements during locomotion after the gate had opened, there was a 15 m distance in the form of a race from the gate to the food trough. The heart rate of the heifers, and their behaviour when moving along the race towards the food reward were measured. When experimental heifers made clear improvements in learning, they were more likely than on other occasions to have higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race in comparison with their controls. This experiment found some, albeit inconclusive, indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.