COELOMIC ELEMENTS OF SEA URCHINS (STRONGYLOCENTROTUS) .I. NORMAL COELOMOCYTES - THEIR MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS IN HANGING DROPS
COELOMIC ELEMENTS OF SEA URCHINS (STRONGYLOCENTROTUS) .I. NORMAL COELOMOCYTES - THEIR MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS IN HANGING DROPS
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-2011(69)90236-5
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发表时间：
1969-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, PT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JOHNSON, PT
在紫海胆（Strongylocentrotus purpuratus）和红海胆（Strongylocentrotus franciscanus）的体腔（体腔细胞）中发现的细胞可以在悬滴中维持很长时间。各种类型的体腔细胞所经历的形态学变化、凝血机制和体外反应可以很容易地跟踪。存在的四种细胞类型是吞噬性白细胞、振动细胞、红色小球细胞和无色小球细胞。当与表面接触时，吞噬性白细胞从膀胱变形细胞变为扁平的合胞细胞。在液体中，它们形成由细胞组成的永久聚集体，这些细胞不会失去质膜形成原质团。其他细胞类型被动地聚集在一起。显然，只有吞噬性白细胞参与细胞凝血，没有观察到体腔液的细胞外胶凝。一种特殊的溶解细胞类型，启动凝血没有发现，尽管在文献中的建议，细胞聚集在棘状突是依赖于这样的机制。在不利条件下，小的细胞聚集体会形成原质团，但在大的凝块中，只有表面细胞形成合胞膜，而内部细胞的质膜似乎保持完整。在悬滴中，振动细胞在混合流体或将细胞从一个地方移动到另一个地方方面效率不高。然而，在体内和体外，当通过流体从肠侵入体腔或悬滴而受到应激时，它们将释放存在于其细胞质中的一部分粘液化合物。由此形成的临时半凝胶可以限制肠液或其他异物通过体腔的扩散。
The cells found in the coelom (coelomocytes) ofStrongylocentrotus purpuratus, the purple sea urchin, andStrongylocentrotus franciscanus, the red sea urchin, can be maintained for long periods in hanging drops. The morphological changes, clotting mechanisms, and in vitro reactions undergone by the various coelomocyte types can be followed with ease. The four cell types present are phagocytic leukocytes, vibratile cells, red spherule cells, and colorless spherule cells. On contact with a surface, the phagocytic leukocytes change from bladder amoebocytes to flattened syncytial cells. Within the liquid they form permanent aggregations composed of cells which do not lose the plasma membranes to form plasmodia. Other cell types are caught passively in the aggregations. Apparently only the phagocytic leukocyte is involved in cellular clotting, and extracellular gelling of the coelomic fluid was not observed. A special lysing cell type which initiates clotting was not found despite suggestions in the literature that cell aggregation in echinoids is dependent upon such a mechanism. Under adverse conditions small aggregations of cells will form plasmodia but in large clots only the surface cells form a syncytial membrane while plasma membranes of the interior cells appear to remain intact.It has been though that the function of vibratile cells is to mix the fluid and cells of the capacious and nonmuscular echinoid coelom. In hanging drops, vibratile cells are not efficient in mixing the fluid or in moving cells from one place to another. However, both in vivo and in vitro they will release a portion of a mucoid compound present in their cytoplasm when stressed by intrusion of fluid from the gut into the coelom or hanging drop. The temporary semigel thus formed may operate in limiting spread of gut fluid or other foreign material through the coelom.