Has Exposure to Poor Neighbourhoods Changed in America? Race, Risk and Housing Locations in Two Decades
Has Exposure to Poor Neighbourhoods Changed in America? Race, Risk and Housing Locations in Two Decades
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DOI：
10.1177/0042098008099362
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Keys, Benjamin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Briggs, Xavier de Souza;Keys, Benjamin J.
卡特里娜飓风过后，贫困少数族裔的极端集中度曾一度被媒体“重新发现”为社会问题，但在 20 世纪 90 年代显着下降，但尚无研究确定这一趋势是否随着时间的推移而减少了对贫困社区的接触，或改变了接触中的种族差距。然而，大多数关于陷入困境的社区的社会和经济风险的假设都取决于这种风险。使用与三次人口普查相匹配的地理编码全国纵向调查发现： 住房流动性仍然是白人和黑人退出贫困地区的最重要方式；黑人的减少主要发生在极度贫困的社区，那里的社区变化产生了巨大的影响；黑人比白人更有可能忍受长时间、不间断的暴露；而且，在 20 世纪 90 年代，退出社区后重新回到贫困社区的几率方面的种族差距扩大了，这是导致黑人租房者暴露时间占主导地位的主要因素。
While extreme concentrations of poor racial minorities, briefly 'rediscovered' as a social problem by media in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, declined significantly in the 1990s, no research has determined whether the trend reduced exposure to poor neighbourhoods over time or changed racial gaps in exposure. Yet most hypotheses about the social and economic risks of distressed neighbourhoods hinge on such exposure. Using a geocoded, national longitudinal survey matched to three censuses, it is found that: housing mobility continued to be the most important mode of exit from poor tracts for both Whites and Blacks; reductions for Blacks were mainly in exposure to extremely poor neighbourhoods, where neighbourhood change had a huge impact; Blacks remained far more likely than Whites to endure long, uninterrupted exposure; and, racial gaps in the odds of falling back into a poor neighbourhood after exiting one-a major driver of exposure duration that Black renters dominate-widened in the 1990s.