Hypotheticals as Heuristic Device
Hypotheticals as Heuristic Device
复制标题
作为启发式工具的假设
DOI：
10.3115/1077146.1077167
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kevin D. Ashley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwina L. Rissland;Kevin D. Ashley
在本文中，我们研究了假设作为一种启发式工具的使用，以帮助基于案例的推理者通过探索和扩大已知案例的空间以及间接地伴随的理论和论点空间来测试分析或论点的优势、弱点和分支。我们的程序Hypo工作在法律的任务领域，特别是软件的商业秘密保护领域。我们描述了Hypo如何生成一系列具有法律意义的假设事实情况(“假设”)，这些情况“接近”给定的事实情况。这分两步完成：分析给定的情况，然后生成假设。我们讨论了Hypo目前使用的启发式算法，其中包括：(1)使案例更弱或更强；(2)生成极端案例；(3)允许险些失手；(4)操纵险胜；以及(5)在相关的“维度”上生成案例。
In this paper we examine the use of hypotheticals as a heuristic device to assist a case-based reasoner test the strengths, weaknesses, and ramifications of an analysis or argument by exploring and augmenting the space of known cases and indirectly, the attendant spaces of doctrine and argument. Our program, HYPO, works in the task domain of the law, particularly, the area of trade secret protection for software. We describe how HYPO generates a constellation of legally-meaningful hypothetical fact situations ("hypos") which are "near" a given fact situation. This is done in two steps: analysis of the given situation and then generation of the hypos. We discuss the heuristics HYPO currently uses, which include: (1) make a case weaker or stronger; (2) generate an extreme case; (3) enable a near miss; (4) manipulate a near win; and (5) generate a case on a related "dimension".