Real time and in vivo monitoring of nitric oxide by electrochemical sensors--from dream to reality.
Real time and in vivo monitoring of nitric oxide by electrochemical sensors--from dream to reality.
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DOI：
10.2741/1492
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发表时间：
2004-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Xueji Zhang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Xueji Zhang
一氧化氮是人和动物体内重要的细胞间信使。一氧化氮（NO）作为内皮源性舒张因子（EDRF）的鉴定推动了进一步阐明这一重要分子的化学，生物学和治疗作用的巨大努力。它已经发现，一氧化氮参与许多疾病状态，如慢性心力衰竭，中风，阳痿（勃起功能障碍）。一氧化氮的生物活性与其从产生部位向作用部位的扩散密切相关。因此，准确可靠的真实的时间检测NO在各种生物系统中是至关重要的，以了解其生物学作用。然而，NO在水溶液中的不稳定性及其与其他分子的高反应性会导致其测量的困难，这取决于所采用的检测方法。虽然已经描述了各种方法来测量NO在水环境中，它现在被普遍接受的电化学（安培）检测使用NO特定的电极是最可靠和灵敏的技术可用于实时原位检测NO。在1992年，第一个商业NO电极为基础的安培检测系统是由WPI开发。该系统已成功地用于许多年的广泛的研究应用，在体外和体内。近年来，许多新型的电化学氮传感器被发明并商业化。在这里，我们描述了一些背景的原则，在NO传感器的设计，方法及其应用。
Nitric oxide is a key intercellular messenger in the human and animal bodies. The identification of nitric oxide (NO) as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) has driven an enormous effort to further elucidate the chemistry, biology and therapeutic actions of this important molecule. It has found that nitric oxide is involved in many disease states such as such as chronic heart failure, stroke, impotent (erectile dysfunction). The bioactivity of nitric oxide intrinsically linked to its diffusion from its site production to the sites of action. Accurate reliable in real time detection of NO in various biological systems is therefore crucial to understanding its biological role. However, the instability of NO in aqueous solution and its high reactivity with other molecules can cause difficulties for its measurement depending on the detection method employed. Although a variety of methods have been described to measure NO in aqueous environments, it is now generally accepted that electrochemical (amperometric) detection using NO-specific electrodes is the most reliable and sensitive technique available for real-time in situ detection of NO. In 1992 the first commercial NO electrode-based amperometric detection system was developed by WPI. The system has been used successfully for a number of years in a wide range of research applications, both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, many new electrochemical nitric sensors have been invented and commercialized. Here we describe some of the background principles in NO sensors design, methodology and their applications.