Fifth Geoffrey Harris memorial lecture. Control of anterior pituitary hormone release by brain peptides.
Fifth Geoffrey Harris memorial lecture. Control of anterior pituitary hormone release by brain peptides.
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第五次杰弗里·哈里斯纪念演讲。
DOI：
10.1159/000123101
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
McCann,SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCann,SM
在第五次杰弗里·哈里斯纪念讲座中，我想描述一下脑潮素在控制腺体分泌激素方面的作用的现状。哈里斯教授的主要发现为发现许多这样的脑多肽指明了方向，并为神经内分泌学这门新科学的发展提供了强大的刺激。由于多诺万[14]在他的第三次哈里斯纪念演讲中概述了伟大的尾巴危害对研究的贡献，我将只总结这些贡献，并展示它们如何导致脑肽领域的发展现状。虽然我从未有幸在哈里斯的实验室工作，但他的实验为我的科学事业发展指明了方向。当我是一名研究实验性神经源性高血压的医学生[53]时，我在《生理学评论》[22]上阅读了Harris关于脑下垂体神经体液控制的论文，在此基础上，与我们合作的神经外科医生申金尝试进行茎切割术，以确定它们对神经源性高血压发展的影响。这项工作从未完成，但却让我对脑下垂体的神经控制产生了兴趣。毫无疑问，哈里斯的主要贡献是阐述了通过垂体门静脉对垂体的神经体液控制的概念。他进行了广泛的解剖学研究，最终指出了从下丘脑到脑垂体的血液流动方向，并进行了巧妙的实验，几乎不可避免地得出了结论，即这些血管是将神经体液药物从下丘脑输送到脑垂体的管道。例如，他将茎切开，并在切开的末端之间放置一块不透水的板子，以防止门脉血管再生。这导致了永久性的垂体功能损害，并解释了许多与柄切面不同的结果，这可能是由于柄的断端门脉血管再生程度不同所致。他与雅各布森一起取得的最重要的发现[25]是观察到，放置在正中隆起下并由垂体门静脉血运的垂体移植物能够维持已被切除的动物的垂体腺功能。这项工作清楚地指出，可能是通过门静脉对脑下垂体进行神经体液控制。哈里斯的开创性实验激励了许多刚刚开始科学生涯的年轻研究人员，其中包括萨夫兰、沙利、吉列曼和我，他们进行了下一步合乎逻辑的步骤，即提取中叶组织并将其注射到这些动物身上，以确定它们是否可以改变垂体前功能。
In this Fifth Geoffrey Harris Memorial Lecture, I would like to describe the present status of the role of brain pep tides in the control of hormone release from the adenohy pophysis. The principal discoveries of Professor Harris pointed the way to discovery of a number of these brain peptides and provided a powerful stimulus to the growth of the new science of neuroendocrinology. Since Donovan [14] in his Third Harris Memorial Lecture outlined in great de tail Harm’contributions to research, I will only summarize them and show how they have led to the present status of de velopment in the field of brain peptides. Although I never had the privilege to work in Harris' laboratory, nonetheless his experiments pointed the way to the development of my scientific career. While a medical student working on expe rimental neurogenic hypertension [53], I read the paper by Harris in Physiological Reviews [22] on neurohumoral con trol of the pituitary gland and based on this, Shenkin, a neu rosurgeon working with us, attempted to perform stalk sec tions to determine their effect on the development of neuro genic hypertension. This work was never completed but led to my interest in the neural control of the pituitary gland. There is little doubt that the principal contribution of Harris was the elaboration of the concept of neurohumoral control of the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal vessels. He carried out extensive anatomical studies which ultimate ly pointed to the direction of blood flow from the hypothal amus to the pituitary and performed ingenious experiments which led to the almost inescapable conclusion that these vessels served as a conduit for the delivery of neurohumoral agents from hypothalamus to the pituitary. For example, he sectioned the stalk and placed an impervious plate between the cut ends to prevent regeneration of portal vessels.[23]. This led to permanent impairment in pituitary function and explained the discrepant results of many with stalk section which were probably accounted for by variable degrees of regeneration of portal vessels across the cut ends of the stalk. His most important discovery made with Jacobsohn [25] was the observation that grafts of pituitaries placed un der the median eminence and vascularized by hypophyseal portal vessels were capable of maintaining pituitary func tion in animals which had been hypohysectomized. This work clearly pointed to a possible neurohumoral control of the pituitary via the portal vessels. The pioneering experi ments of Harris stimulated a number of young investigators who were just beginning their scientific careers, among them Saffran, Schally, Guillemin and myself, to perform the next logical step which was to make extracts of median emi nence (ME) tissue and to inject these animals to determine if they could alter anterior pituitary function.