The effectiveness of agri-environment schemes for the conservation of farmland moths: assessing the importance of a landscape-scale management approach
The effectiveness of agri-environment schemes for the conservation of farmland moths: assessing the importance of a landscape-scale management approach
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01927.x
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Park, Kirsty J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuentes-Montemayor, Elisa;Goulson, Dave;Park, Kirsty J.
P>1。农业集约化和扩张被认为是上世纪世界范围内生物多样性下降的主要原因。许多国家已采用农业环境计划，试图通过向农民提供财政奖励，鼓励他们采用对环境敏感的农业做法，来抵消集约农业的负面影响。我们调查了18对AES和传统管理的农场在苏格兰中部（英国），以评估特定的AES管理处方（田间边缘，绿篱，物种丰富的草地和水边缘）对农田飞蛾的影响。我们还测量了三个空间尺度（距离每个诱捕点250 m、500 m和1 km半径）的周围景观对蛾种群的影响，以评估哪种尺度的管理对农田蛾的保护最重要.总体而言，在诱捕地点250 m范围内，粗糙草地和灌木丛的覆盖率是微型和大型蛾类丰度和大型蛾类物种丰富度的最重要的景观预测因子，尽管城市化的负面影响在更大的尺度上（1 km内）被发现，特别是对大型蛾类物种丰富度。微蛾的丰度和物种丰富度显着更高的领域内的边缘和物种丰富的草原AES管理下相比，他们的传统同行，而AES水边缘增加微蛾丰度，但不物种丰富度。AES物种丰富的草原和水边缘与增加的巨蛾丰度和物种丰富度，巨蛾被认为是“广泛的，但迅速下降”也获得了一些好处，从这两个AES处方。相反，AES管理下的植物篱对小菜蛾和大螟的种群数量都没有增加。我们的研究结果表明，在当地规模（如在250米）的半自然环境的覆盖率增加的好处都微型和大型蛾种群，并实施简单的AES管理处方适用于相对较小的地区可以增加物种丰富度和丰富的蛾种群在农业环境中。
P>1. Agricultural intensification and expansion are regarded as major causes of worldwide declines in biodiversity during the last century. Agri-environment schemes (AES) have been introduced in many countries as an attempt to counteract the negative effects of intensive agriculture by providing financial incentives for farmers to adopt environmentally-sensitive agricultural practices.2. We surveyed 18 pairs of AES and conventionally-managed farms in central Scotland (United Kingdom) to evaluate the effects of specific AES management prescriptions (field margins, hedgerows, species-rich grasslands and water margins) on farmland moths. We also measured the influence of the surrounding landscape on moth populations at three spatial scales (250 m, 500 m and 1 km radii from each trapping site) to assess at which scale management was most important for the conservation of farmland moths.3. In general, percentage cover of rough grassland and scrub within 250 m of the trapping site was the most important landscape predictor for both micro- and macromoth abundance and macromoth species richness, although negative effects of urbanization were found at wider scales (within 1 km), particularly for macromoth species richness.4. The abundance and species richness of micromoths was significantly higher within field margins and species-rich grasslands under AES management in comparison to their conventional counterparts, whereas AES water margins increased micromoth abundance, but not species richness. AES species-rich grasslands and water margins were associated with an increased macromoth abundance and species richness, and macromoths considered 'widespread but rapidly declining' also gained some benefits from these two AES prescriptions. In contrast, hedgerows under AES management enhanced neither micromoth nor macromoth populations.5.Synthesis and applications. Our findings indicate that increasing the percentage cover of semi-natural environment at a local scale (e.g. within 250 m) benefits both micro- and macromoth populations, and that the implementation of simple AES management prescriptions applied to relatively small areas can increase the species richness and abundance of moth populations in agricultural environments.