The 'Palo a Pique' Long-Term Research Platform: First 25 Years of a Crop-Livestock Experiment in Uruguay
The 'Palo a Pique' Long-Term Research Platform: First 25 Years of a Crop-Livestock Experiment in Uruguay
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy10030441
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jordana Rivero, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rovira, Pablo;Ayala, Walter;Jordana Rivero, M.
混合作物-牲畜长期试验（LTE）对于提高对复杂农业生态系统可持续性的理解至关重要。其中一个例子是“Palo a Pique”LTE，它在乌拉圭已经运行了25年（从1995年至今），评估了在严重限制的土壤中采用免耕技术的牲畜放牧下的四种牧草-作物轮作。结果表明，种植系统减少土壤有机碳（SOC）相比，永久性牧场，多年生牧草与作物轮作是至关重要的，以减轻SOC的损失。来自“Palo a Pique”长期评估的数据有助于制定新的国家政策，以确保农业系统的可持续性。尽管长期技术合作的最初目的是针对作物和土壤，但近年来对可持续畜牧业集约化的需求不断增长。因此，目前的“Palo a Pique”LTE方法使每种牧草-作物轮作与最合适的牲畜战略相匹配，共同目标是每年生产400公斤活重/公顷。实现可持续畜牧业集约化的一般办法包括缩短生产周期、使动物种类多样化、增加动物增重和最终动物增重以及战略性牲畜补充。环境、经济和生产指标之间的权衡预测可以通过监测和建模来解决，从而能够及时预测商业农场的不利可持续性问题。“Palo a Pique”LTE作为一个框架，旨在解决反刍动物在气候变化、土地竞争、营养动态和粮食安全方面的作用等当代和未来问题。
Mixed crop-livestock long-term experiments (LTE) are critical to increase the understanding of sustainability in complex agroecosystems. One example is the 'Palo a Pique' LTE which has been running for 25 years in Uruguay (from 1995 to present), evaluating four pasture-crop rotations under livestock grazing with no-till technology in soils with severe limitations. The results demonstrate that cropping systems reduced soil organic carbon (SOC) compared with permanent pastures, and that perennial pastures rotating with crops were critical to mitigate SOC losses. Data from the 'Palo a Pique' LTE has contributed to the establishment of new national policies to secure the sustainability of agricultural-based systems. Although the original purpose of the LTE was oriented to crops and soils, a demand for sustainable livestock intensification has gathered momentum over recent years. As a result, the current approach of the 'Palo a Pique' LTE matches each pasture-crop rotation with the most suitable livestock strategy with the common goal of producing 400 kg liveweight/ha per year. General approaches to the pursuit of sustainable livestock intensification include shortening the cycle of production, diversifying animal categories, increasing liveweight gain and final animal liveweight, and strategic livestock supplementation. Prediction of trade-offs between environmental, economic, and production indicators can be addressed through monitoring and modeling, enabling the timely anticipation of adverse sustainability issues on commercial farms. The 'Palo a Pique' LTE serves as a framework to address contemporary and future questions dealing with the role of ruminants on climate change, competition for land, nutrient dynamics, and food security.