The ecological effectiveness of protected areas: a case study for South African birds
The ecological effectiveness of protected areas: a case study for South African birds
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00429.x
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gaston, K. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greve, M.;Chown, S. L.;Gaston, K. J.
虽然个别保护区对生物保护的重要性已得到广泛承认，但很少有实证研究明确地试图评估其生态有效性。值得注意的是，这包括考虑它们在多大程度上代表了分类类群的生物多样性，而这些区域的指定并不是一个主要或有意的目标。在这里，我们提供了迄今为止在保护区内外发现的鸟类生物多样性最详细的比较之一，重点是分布在南非广泛的三个保护区。典型的鸟类群落更丰富，密度更高，结构和功能组成与保护区内外不同。重要的是，食虫动物的丰富度在内部比外部高得多，而花岗岩动物的情况正好相反。总体而言，这些发现表明保护区确实为本地生物多样性提供了有价值的资源库，物种丰富度、密度和物种组成在其边界之外存在很大差异。随着南非人类土地利用的增加，以及生境转变被认为是对生物多样性的主要和日益严重的威胁，预计这种差异将变得更大。
While the importance of individual protected areas (PAs) to biological conservation is widely acknowledged, rather few empirical studies have explicitly attempted to assess their ecological effectiveness. Significantly, this includes consideration of how well they represent the biodiversity of taxonomic groups for which the designation of these areas was not a primary or intentional goal. Here, we provide one of the most detailed comparisons to date of the avian biodiversity found inside and outside PAs, focusing on three PAs distributed widely across South Africa. Typically, bird assemblages were richer, with a higher density, and a different structural and functional composition inside than outside the PAs. Importantly, insectivore richness was much higher inside than outside, and the converse was true of granivores. Overall, these findings suggest that PAs do indeed provide valuable repositories for native biodiversity, with species richness, density and species composition being substantially different beyond their bounds. With human land-use increasing in South Africa, and habitat transformation recognized as a major and growing threat to biodiversity, such differences are expected to become greater.