The role of complementary learning systems in learning and consolidation in a quasi-regular domain.
The role of complementary learning systems in learning and consolidation in a quasi-regular domain.
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补充学习系统在准正则领域的学习和巩固中的作用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2018.07.015
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mirkovic J
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文献类型：
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作者：
Mirkovic J
我们研究了离线记忆巩固过程在学习和保持一个新的准规则的语言系统类似于英语过去时态的作用。准正则系统的特征在于系统的正则形式占主导地位（例如，走-走，跳-跳）以及少量的高频非正规军（例如，sit-sat，go-went），并且在许多认知领域中发现，从拼写-声音映射到屈折形态到语义认知。参与者使用人工语言范式对新的形态系统进行训练，然后在不同的延迟后进行测试。基于记忆的互补系统，我们预测，不规则的形式将显示出更强的离线变化，由于巩固过程。在两个实验中，参与者在学习后立即接受测试，12小时后有或无睡眠，或24小时后。测试包括将形态模式推广到以前看不见的单词（两个实验）以及回忆训练过的单词（实验2）。一般来说，参与者在一系列新形式中表现出“默认”正则化，以及以前看不见的项目的非正则化，这些项目类似于独特的高频不规则训练形式。这两种业绩模式在整个延迟期间保持稳定。在学习后，涉及规则化和非规则化竞争倾向的概括在两者之间立即平衡。重要的是，在两个12小时的延迟，在这些情况下，不规则化的趋势得到加强，24小时后进一步加强。对常规和非常规训练项目的综合知识对概括表现有显着贡献，有证据表明非常规形式得到加强，常规形式得到削弱。我们解释这些研究结果的背景下，互补系统模型，并讨论如何维护，加强和遗忘的新的记忆在睡眠和觉醒中可以发挥作用，在收购准正规系统。
We examine the role of off-line memory consolidation processes in the learning and retention of a new quasi-regular linguistic system similar to the English past tense. Quasi-regular systems are characterized by a dominance of systematic, regular forms (e.g., walk-walked, jump-jumped) alongside a smaller number of high frequency irregulars (e.g., sit-sat, go-went), and are found across many cognitive domains, from spelling-sound mappings to inflectional morphology to semantic cognition. Participants were trained on the novel morphological system using an artificial language paradigm, and then tested after different delays. Based on a complementary systems account of memory, we predicted that irregular forms would show stronger off-line changes due to consolidation processes. Across two experiments, participants were tested either immediately after learning, 12 h later with or without sleep, or 24 h later. Testing involved generalization of the morphological patterns to previously unseen words (both experiments) as well as recall of the trained words (Experiment 2). In generalization, participants showed ‘default’ regularization across a range of novel forms, as well as irregularization for previously unseen items that were similar to unique high-frequency irregular trained forms. Both patterns of performance remained stable across the delays. Generalizations involving competing tendencies to regularize and irregularize were balanced between the two immediately after learning. Crucially, at both 12-h delays the tendency to irregularize in these cases was strengthened, with further strengthening after 24 h. Consolidated knowledge of both regular and irregular trained items contributed significantly to generalization performance, with evidence of strengthening of irregular forms and weakening of regular forms. We interpret these findings in the context of a complementary systems model, and discuss how maintenance, strengthening, and forgetting of the new memories across sleep and wake can play a role in acquiring quasi-regular systems.