Does agri-environmental management enhance biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services?: A farm-scale experiment
Does agri-environmental management enhance biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services?: A farm-scale experiment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2021.107582
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发表时间：
2021-07-23
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Pywell, Richard F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bullock, James M.;McCracken, Morag E.;Pywell, Richard F.
农业环境管理已被推广为加强提供多种生态系统服务的一种方法。大多数农业环境协议都包括农民同意采取的多项行动。但是，大多数研究只考虑了个体农业环境行为如何影响特定的生态系统服务。因此，人们对如何将农民可用的一系列农业环境行动部署到任何单个农场以增强多种服务知之甚少。为了解决这一知识差距，我们进行了一项实验研究，在英格兰南部的一个商业农场部署了一系列农业环境行动。农业环境行动包括耕地中的野花边缘和休耕区、用野花创造和改善草地以及挖池塘。除了生物多样性应对措施之外，我们还测量了对许多生态系统服务的影响：授粉、害虫防治、作物和饲料产量、水质、气候调节和文化服务。野花边缘增强了无脊椎动物、害虫控制和作物产量以及审美吸引力。更多的授粉媒介与油菜产量的提高有关。但这些边际和休耕并没有阻止养分和沉积物流入水道，并且显示出有限的碳固存或温室气体排放的减少。新挖的池塘捕获了大量的沉积物并提供了审美吸引力。与耕地相比，草地的土壤碳含量和微生物生物量较高，N2O 排放量较低，碳净固存量较低。草原植物多样性的增强提高了饲料质量和审美吸引力。游客和居民重视整个农场的一系列农业环境特征和生物多样性。我们的研究结果表明，人们不一定能期望任何特定的农业环境行动能够增强任何特定环境下所有期望的生态系统服务。对冲策略是让农民应用一套选项来提供一系列生态系统服务效益，而不是假设一两个选项将作为包罗万象的解决方案。
Agri-environmental management has been promoted as an approach to enhance delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Most agri-environment agreements include several actions that the farmer agrees to put in place. But, most studies have only considered how individual agri-environmental actions affect particular ecosystem services. Thus, there is little understanding of how the range of agri-environmental actions available to a farmer might be deployed on any individual farm to enhance multiple services. To address this knowledge gap, we carried out an experimental study in which we deployed a set of agri-environmental actions on a commercial farm in southern England. Agri-environmental actions comprised wildflower margins and fallow areas in arable fields, creating and enhancing grassland with wildflowers, and digging ponds. Alongside biodiversity responses, we measured effects on a number of ecosystem services: pollination, pest control, crop and forage yield, water quality, climate regulation and cultural services. Wildflower margins enhanced invertebrates, pest control and crop yield, and aesthetic appeal. A greater number of pollinators was linked to enhanced oilseed rape yield. But these margins and the fallows did not prevent run-off of nutrients and sediment into waterways, and showed limited carbon sequestration or reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Newly-dug ponds captured large amounts of sediment and provided aesthetic appeal. Grasslands had higher soil carbon content and microbial biomass, lower N20 emissions, and net sequestration of carbon compared to arable land. Enhancement of grassland plant diversity increased forage quality and aesthetic appeal. Visitors and residents valued a range of agrienvironmental features and biodiversity across the farm. Our findings suggest one cannot necessarily expect any particular agri-environmental action will enhance all of a hoped-for set of ecosystem services in any particular setting. A bet-hedging strategy would be for farmers to apply a suite of options to deliver a range of ecosystem service benefits, rather than assuming that one or two options will work as catch-all solutions.