Evolution of neuropeptides in non-pterygote hexapods.
Evolution of neuropeptides in non-pterygote hexapods.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-016-0621-4
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发表时间：
2016-02-29
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Predel R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Derst C;Dircksen H;Meusemann K;Zhou X;Liu S;Predel R
神经肽是多细胞动物（后生动物）中信息传递的关键参与者，并作为发育、生长、代谢和繁殖的重要调节因子。这些短的蛋白质样物质显示出高度的结构变异性，被认为是最多样化的信使分子。我们使用1 KITE（1 K昆虫转录组进化）项目的转录组序列来搜索24个物种的神经肽编码序列，这些物种来自非翼状的六足动物谱系Protura（锥头），弹尾目（弹尾目），双尾目（两叉刺尾目），Archaeognatha（跳跃刺尾目）和Zygentoma（银鱼和萤火虫），它们通常被称为“基底”六足动物。在系统发育上，原尾目、弹尾目、双尾目和古颚目目前被置于Remipedia和Pterygota（有翼昆虫）之间; Zygentoma是Pterygota的姐妹群。Remipedia被认为是所有六足动物的近亲之一，属于甲壳类动物。我们确定了神经肽前体序列的全身转录组数据从这五个hexapod组，并补充了这个数据集与同源序列从三个甲壳类动物（包括水蚤pulex），三个多足类，果蝇果蝇。我们的研究结果表明，据报道，许多有翅昆虫，特别是全变态昆虫中的几种神经肽基因的丢失是有翅昆虫中发生的一种趋势。非翼类六足动物的神经肽前体序列显示出大量的氨基酸替换、基因重复、可变剪接后的变体以及大量的副拷贝。然而，这些特征中的大多数属于已知的有翅昆虫的变异范围。然而，capa/pyrokinin基因的非pterygote hexapods提供了一个有趣的例子，快速进化，包括重复的神经肽基因编码不同的配体。我们的研究结果描绘了一个基本模式的神经肽序列，存在于谱系特异性的发展发生在有翼昆虫的进化过程中。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12862-016-0621-4）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Neuropeptides are key players in information transfer and act as important regulators of development, growth, metabolism, and reproduction within multi-cellular animal organisms (Metazoa). These short protein-like substances show a high degree of structural variability and are recognized as the most diverse group of messenger molecules. We used transcriptome sequences from the 1KITE (1K Insect Transcriptome Evolution) project to search for neuropeptide coding sequences in 24 species from the non-pterygote hexapod lineages Protura (coneheads), Collembola (springtails), Diplura (two-pronged bristletails), Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails), and Zygentoma (silverfish and firebrats), which are often referred to as “basal” hexapods. Phylogenetically, Protura, Collembola, Diplura, and Archaeognatha are currently placed between Remipedia and Pterygota (winged insects); Zygentoma is the sistergroup of Pterygota. The Remipedia are assumed to be among the closest relatives of all hexapods and belong to the crustaceans. We identified neuropeptide precursor sequences within whole-body transcriptome data from these five hexapod groups and complemented this dataset with homologous sequences from three crustaceans (including Daphnia pulex), three myriapods, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate that the reported loss of several neuropeptide genes in a number of winged insects, particularly holometabolous insects, is a trend that has occurred within Pterygota. The neuropeptide precursor sequences of the non-pterygote hexapods show numerous amino acid substitutions, gene duplications, variants following alternative splicing, and numbers of paracopies. Nevertheless, most of these features fall within the range of variation known from pterygote insects. However, the capa/pyrokinin genes of non-pterygote hexapods provide an interesting example of rapid evolution, including duplication of a neuropeptide gene encoding different ligands. Our findings delineate a basic pattern of neuropeptide sequences that existed before lineage-specific developments occurred during the evolution of pterygote insects. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0621-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.