Functional Role of Movement and Performance Variability: Adaptation of Front Crawl Swimmers to Competitive Swimming Constraints
Functional Role of Movement and Performance Variability: Adaptation of Front Crawl Swimmers to Competitive Swimming Constraints
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DOI：
10.1123/jab.2017-0022
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Seifert, Ludovic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Escobar, David Simbana;Hellard, Philippe;Seifert, Ludovic
为研究比赛过程中划水参数在圈内、圈间和个体间的变异性，采用二维直接线性变换方法，对200 m自由泳项目中32名高水平男女运动员在4圈（L1-L4）内划水速度、划水频率和划水长度的变化进行了比较和建模。对于整个组，L1的速度更大，L2，L3和L4的速度显著降低（1.80 +/- 0.10 vs 1.73 +/- 0.08; 1.69 +/- 0.09; 1.66 +/- 0.09.s（-1），P <0.05）。这种变异性归因于每搏长度的减少（L2：2.43 +/- 0.19 vs L4：2.20 +/- 0.13 m，P < .05）和每搏频率的增加（L2：42.8 +/- 2.6 vs L4：45.4 +/- 2.3 stroke.min（-1），P < .05）。速度的变异系数和生物学变异系数均为雄性大于雌性（3.9 +/- 0.7 vs 3.1 +/- 0.7; 2.9 +/- 1.0 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7，P <0.05），L1高于L2（3.9 +/- 1.3 vs 3.1 +/- 0.1; 2.9 +/- 0.9 vs 2.3 +/- 0.7，P <0.05）。最好用三次模型（n = 38）、线性模型（n = 37）和二次模型（n = 8）来表示内研磨速度值。男性（43.8%）比女性（15.6%）更频繁地进行立方拟合，这表明在转弯后产生更高加速度的能力更强。圈内的各种划水参数管理表明，每个游泳运动员调整他/她的行为，比赛的限制。
To study the variability in stroking parameters between and within laps and individuals during competitions, we compared and modeled the changes of speed, stroke rate, and stroke length in 32 top-level male and female swimmers over 4 laps (L1-L4) in 200-m freestyle events using video-derived 2-dimensional direct linear transformation. For the whole group, speed was greater in L1, with significant decreases across L2, L3, and L4 (1.80 +/- 0.10 vs 1.73 +/- 0.08; 1.69 +/- 0.09; 1.66 +/- 0.09.s(-1), P < .05). This variability was attributed to a decrease in stroke length (L2: 2.43 +/- 0.19 vs L4: 2.20 +/- 0.13 m, P < .05) and an increase in stroke rate (L2: 42.8 +/- 2.6 vs L4: 45.4 +/- 2.3 stroke.min(-1), P < .05). The coefficient of variation and the biological coefficient of variation in speed were greater for male versus female (3.9 +/- 0.7 vs 3.1 +/- 0.7; 2.9 +/- 1.0 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7, P < .05) and higher in L1 versus L2 (3.9 +/- 1.3 vs 3.1 +/- 0.1; 2.9 +/- 0.9 vs 2.3 +/- 0.7, P < .05). Intra-lap speed values were best represented by a cubic (n = 38), then linear (n = 37) and quadratic model (n = 8). The cubic fit was more frequent for males (43.8%) than females (15.6%), suggesting greater capacity to generate higher acceleration after the turn. The various stroking parameters managements within lap suggest that each swimmer adapts his/her behavior to the race constraints.