Gender Differences in Drinking Practices in Middle Aged and Older Russians
Gender Differences in Drinking Practices in Middle Aged and Older Russians
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DOI：
10.1093/alcalc/agq069
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Bobak, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bobrova, Natalia;West, Robert;Bobak, Martin
目的：该研究调查了俄罗斯新西伯利亚市男性和女性饮酒模式的性别差异及其背后的原因。方法：以东欧队列研究中的健康、酒精和心理社会因素为基础，采用定量和定性数据相结合的混合方法。定量研究包括4268名男性和5094名女性，年龄在45-69岁之间；其中，20名男性和24名女性完成了深度访谈。结果：定量数据揭示了性别之间在饮酒模式上的巨大差异。与男性相比，女性饮酒的频率和数量要少得多。例如，19%的男性和1%的女性被归类为问题饮酒者（在CAGE问卷中有两个或两个以上的积极答案）。这些差异不能用社会经济因素来解释。定性数据表明，性别角色和围绕男女饮酒的传统文化是所报告的饮酒行为的主要原因，在对烈性饮料的偏好、饮酒频率和饮酒量方面，人们一贯认为妇女的饮酒量要比男子少得多。结论：本研究证实俄罗斯男性和女性饮酒存在较大差异；这些差异在很大程度上可以用性别角色来解释。
Aims: The study investigated gender differences in drinking patterns and the reasons behind them among men and women in the Russian city of Novosibirsk. Methods: A mixed method, combining quantitative and qualitative data, was conducted based on the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study. The quantitative study included 4268 men and 5094 women aged 45-69 years; of those, 20 men and 24 women completed an in-depth interview. Results: The quantitative data revealed a large gap in drinking patterns in general between genders. Women drank less often and much smaller quantities than that of men. For example, 19% of men, vs. 1% of women, were classified as problem drinkers ( two or more positive answers on the CAGE questionnaire). These differences were not explained by socioeconomic factors. Qualitative data have shown that gender roles and a traditional culture around women's and men's drinking were the main reasons for the reported drinking behaviour, whereby women were consistently expected to drink much less than men in terms of preference for strong beverages, drinking frequency and quantity of alcohol consumed. Conclusion: The study confirmed that large differences exist between Russian men's and women's drinking; these differences may be largely explained by gender roles.