A Review of Current Concepts of the Etiology and Treatment of Myopia.
A Review of Current Concepts of the Etiology and Treatment of Myopia.
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DOI：
10.1097/icl.0000000000000499
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发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tkatchenko AV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cooper J;Tkatchenko AV
在许多工业化国家，近视发生在超过50%的人口中，并且预计会增加;与近视引起的轴向延长相关的并发症是第六大致盲原因。因此，了解其病因学，流行病学和各种治疗方案的结果可能会改变目前的护理，并导致减少发病率进行性近视。这种快速增长不能仅仅用遗传学来解释。目前的动物和人类研究表明，近视的发展是遗传和环境因素相互作用的结果。父母双方都患有近视的人近视的患病率较高，这表明遗传因素明显参与了近视的发展。与此同时，人口研究表明，近视的发展与教育和近距离工作所花费的时间有关;因此，活动增加了对光学模糊的暴露。最近，由于近视与严重病理状况如黄斑变性、视网膜脱离、青光眼和白内障的发展有关，人们越来越多地努力减缓近视的进展。我们回顾了荟萃分析和其他目前的治疗方法，包括：阿托品，渐进多焦点眼镜片，角膜塑形术，多焦点接触镜。
Myopia occurs in more than 50% of the population in many industrialized countries and is expected to increase; complications associated with axial elongation from myopia are the sixth leading cause of blindness. Thus, understanding its etiology, epidemiology, and the results of various treatment regiments may modify current care and result in a reduction in morbidity from progressive myopia. This rapid increase cannot be explained by genetics alone. Current animal and human research demonstrates that myopia development is a result of the interplay between genetic and the environmental factors. The prevalence of myopia is higher in individuals whose both parents are myopic, suggesting that genetic factors are clearly involved in myopia development. At the same time, population studies suggest that development of myopia is associated with education and the amount time spent doing near work; hence, activities increase the exposure to optical blur. Recently, there has been an increase in efforts to slow the progression of myopia because of its relationship to the development of serious pathological conditions such as macular degeneration, retinal detachments, glaucoma, and cataracts. We reviewed meta-analysis and other of current treatments that include: atropine, progressive addition spectacle lenses, orthokeratology, and multifocal contact lenses.