Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with poorer diet quality over 5 years
Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with poorer diet quality over 5 years
复制标题
老年人的嗅觉障碍与 5 年内较差的饮食质量有关
DOI：
10.1007/s00394-015-0921-2
复制
发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gopinath, Bamini;Russell, Joanna;Mitchell, Paul
嗅觉减退会导致食欲抑制和营养不良。然而，在老年人的嗅觉和营养状况之间缺乏纵向数据。我们的目的是前瞻性地研究嗅觉障碍和整体饮食质量（反映对饮食指南的依从性）之间的关系，在一个以人群为基础的老年人队列中，我们使用了来自557名成年人（基线年龄60岁以上）的5年随访数据，这些成年人的嗅觉使用圣地亚哥气味识别测试（SDOIT）进行测量。饮食数据收集使用一个有效的半定量食物频率问卷。根据国家膳食指南中的描述，计算每个参与者摄入选定食物组和营养素的总膳食评分（TDS）。最终评分范围为0 - 20;评分越高表明对饮食指南的依从性越好。（SDOIT得分为千分之一货币符号3;较低的分数表示有损伤）与没有嗅觉损伤的人相比，具有显著较低的校正平均（+/- SE）TDS，9.09（0.40）对比9.94（0.10），p = 0.04。中度/重度嗅觉受损的女性（即，与嗅觉正常的人相比，在气味识别测试中得分较差的人具有显著较低的校正平均TDS，8.87（0.69）对10.31（0.13），p = 0.04。在男性中，嗅觉和TDS之间没有观察到关联。老年女性的嗅觉障碍可能预示着饮食质量较差的风险增加，定义为遵守国家饮食指南。需要进一步的纵向研究来证实或反驳观察到的老年人嗅觉丧失和食物摄入总体模式之间的联系。
Decreased smell could cause appetite suppression and malnutrition. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal data between olfaction and nutritional status in older adults. We aimed to prospectively examine the relationship between olfactory impairment and overall diet quality (reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines) in a population-based cohort of older adults.We used 5-year follow-up data from 557 adults (aged 60+ years at baseline) whose olfaction was measured using the San Diego Odor Identification Test (SDOIT). Dietary data were collected using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. A total diet score (TDS) was calculated for intake of selected food groups and nutrients for each participant as described in the national dietary guidelines. Final scores ranged from 0 to 20; higher scores indicated closer adherence to dietary guidelines.After adjusting for all potential confounders, older adults with moderate/severe olfactory impairment (SDOIT score a parts per thousand currency sign 3; lower scores indicate impairment) compared with those with no olfactory impairment had significantly lower adjusted mean (+/- SE) TDS, 9.09 (0.40) versus 9.94 (0.10), p = 0.04. Women with moderate/severe impaired olfaction (i.e., scored poorly on the odor identification test) compared with those with normal olfaction had significantly lower adjusted mean TDS, 8.87 (0.69) versus 10.31 (0.13), p = 0.04. No associations were observed between olfaction and TDS in men.Olfactory impairment in older women could signal an increased risk of poorer diet quality, defined as adherence to national dietary guidelines. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm or refute the observed link between olfactory loss and overall patterns of food intake in older adults.