Flavanols, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia.
Flavanols, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia.
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
0.1
通讯作者：
Ami K. Patel;J. Rogers;Xudong Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ami K. Patel;J. Rogers;Xudong Huang
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种导致进行性记忆丧失和认知下降的痴呆性神经障碍，其被认为与大脑中淀粉样蛋白斑块和神经元缠结的积累有关。血管性痴呆（VaD）是另一种常见的痴呆症，其特征是脑灌注减少。AD和VaD共同构成混合型痴呆，这是一种与衰老相关的非常常见的痴呆类型。神经影像学研究表明，脑血管萎缩导致轻度认知障碍（MCI），这可能是AD的前兆。此外，文献表明，注意心血管危险因素，如高血压，可以减少或延迟混合性痴呆的发病率。此外，富含天然抗氧化剂类黄酮（即表儿茶素和儿茶素）的食物和饮料目前被提倡作为从冠心病到痴呆症的许多病理状况的可能预防剂。越来越多的实验证据表明，氧化应激参与了AD的病理生理学，许多研究表明，水果和蔬菜中发现的多酚类抗氧化剂可用于对抗这种情况并阻止神经元死亡。更具体地说，几项可可研究表明，每天摄入可可黄烷醇可导致心血管益处，包括通过一氧化氮机制舒张血管和增加脑灌注。下面的文字将考虑一个重要的问题，因此出现的潜力黄烷醇作为有效的药物预防和延缓脑血管萎缩的发病，随后MCI和AD。它还将审查通过黄烷醇运作，以实现其保护作用的分子机制。
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a dementing neurological disorder that results in progressive memory loss and cognitive decline thought to be associated with buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Vascular Dementia (VaD) is another common dementing disorder characterized by decreased brain perfusion. Together, AD and VaD constitute mixed dementia, an extremely common type of dementia associated with aging. Neuroimaging research suggests that brain vascular atrophy results in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a possible precursor for AD. Additionally, literature suggests that attention to cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension could reduce or delay the incidence of mixed dementia. Furthermore, foods and beverages rich in natural antioxidant flavanoids (i.e. epicatechin and catechin) are currently being advocated as possible preventative agents for a number of pathological conditions ranging from coronary heart disease to dementia. Experimental evidence is mounting that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of AD, and numerous studies are indicating that polyphenolic antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables can be useful in countering this and blocking neuronal death. More specifically, several cocoa studies suggest that daily intake of cocoa flavanols leads to cardiovascular benefits including vasodilatation via a nitric oxide mechanism and increased brain perfusion. The following text will consider an important question that thus arises regarding the potential of flavanols as effective agents for the prevention and delay of the onset of brain vascular atrophy and subsequently MCI and AD. It will also review the molecular mechanisms through which flavanols operate to accomplish their protective effects.