CIRCULATORY RESPONSES OF SEALS TO PERIODIC BREATHING - HEART-RATE AND BREATHING DURING EXERCISE AND DIVING IN THE LABORATORY AND OPEN SEA
CIRCULATORY RESPONSES OF SEALS TO PERIODIC BREATHING - HEART-RATE AND BREATHING DURING EXERCISE AND DIVING IN THE LABORATORY AND OPEN SEA
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DOI：
10.1139/z88-007
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发表时间：
1988-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
KANWISHER, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FEDAK, MA;PULLEN, MR;KANWISHER, J
就海豹作为捕食者的成功而言，长时间潜水并保持稳定状态的能力至少与长时间潜水一样重要。海豹生理学的这一方面受到的关注远远少于长时间潜水的能力，但对于考虑潜水相关的形态和生理专业化的背景很重要。我们发现，在实验室里锻炼的海豹，随着心率的增加，呼吸时的心率很高，而且没有变化。潜水时的心率是呼吸时心率的25 - 33%，对代谢率不敏感。然而，海豹的呼吸时间和总体平均心率随着运动而增加。我们已经证实了这些模式使用非常高的频率和声学遥测在自由潜水的海豹在公海。水面上的心率几乎恒定在120次/分，与潜水时间无关。 当海豹潜水时，心率下降到每分钟40次。平均心率几乎完全取决于在水面以下停留的时间比例，只在很小程度上取决于潜水长度。 在实验室中强迫潜水时观察到的极低心率从未在海上观察到。
In terms of a seal's success as a predator, the ability to spend a high fraction of time submerged and yet remain in a steady state is at least as important as that to make long dives. This aspect of seal physiology has received much less attention than has the ability to dive for extended periods and yet is important to the context in which dive-related morphological and physiological specializations are considered. We found, in seals exercising in the laboratory, that as increased, heart rate during breathing bouts was high and unchanging. Heart rate during dives was 25 to 33% of the rate during breathing and was insensitive to metabolic rate. However, the fraction of time seals spent breathing and overall average heart rate increased with exercise. We have confirmed these patterns using very high frequency and acoustic telemetry in freely diving harbour seals in the open sea. Heart rate at the surface was virtually constant at 120 beats/min and independent of dive duration. While the seals were diving, heart rate fell to 40 beats/min. Average heart rate depended almost entirely on the proportion of time spent below the surface and only to a minor extent on dive length. The exceedingly low heart rates seen during forced dives in the laboratory were never observed at sea.