Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures.
Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures.
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DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s75615
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Pillay V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murugan K;Choonara YE;Kumar P;Bijukumar D;du Toit LC;Pillay V
纳米颗粒的细胞内化和跨屏障转运可以基于纳米颗粒的物理化学和机械特性来操纵。研究表明，这些因素显著影响纳米颗粒的吸收。指示这些特征允许控制细胞摄取的速率和程度，以及在细胞内递送载药纳米系统，这对于需要特定细胞水平以发挥其作用的药物是必要的。此外，纳米颗粒的物理化学特性应该是最佳的，以使纳米系统绕过身体的自然限制现象，并在靶向部位起治疗作用。新兴智能纳米医学的焦点因素包括纳米颗粒的大小，表面电荷，形状，疏水性，表面化学，甚至蛋白质和配体缀合物。因此，这篇综述讨论了纳米颗粒的内化机制和理想的纳米颗粒特性，使它们能够逃避生物屏障，以实现不同器官系统中的最佳细胞摄取。确定这些参数有助于纳米医学作为药物的杰出载体的进展。
Cellular internalization and trans-barrier transport of nanoparticles can be manipulated on the basis of the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles. Research has shown that these factors significantly influence the uptake of nanoparticles. Dictating these characteristics allows for the control of the rate and extent of cellular uptake, as well as delivering the drug-loaded nanosystem intra-cellularly, which is imperative for drugs that require a specific cellular level to exert their effects. Additionally, physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles should be optimal for the nanosystem to bypass the natural restricting phenomena of the body and act therapeutically at the targeted site. The factors at the focal point of emerging smart nanomedicines include nanoparticle size, surface charge, shape, hydrophobicity, surface chemistry, and even protein and ligand conjugates. Hence, this review discusses the mechanism of internalization of nanoparticles and ideal nanoparticle characteristics that allow them to evade the biological barriers in order to achieve optimal cellular uptake in different organ systems. Identifying these parameters assists with the progression of nanomedicine as an outstanding vector of pharmaceuticals.