Children's implicit personality theories as predictors of their social judgments.
Children's implicit personality theories as predictors of their social judgments.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02948.x
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发表时间：
1993-06
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
C. Erdley;C. Dweck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Erdley;C. Dweck
社会判断和特质归因一直是心理学的核心问题。两项研究验证了这样一个假设：认为人格是固定品质的儿童（实体理论家）比那些认为人格是可塑性的儿童（增量理论家）会做出更严格和长期的社会判断。四年级和五年级学生（平均年龄10.2岁）观看了一个男孩表现出消极行为的幻灯片（研究1-害羞，笨拙和紧张;研究2-撒谎，欺骗和偷窃），然后进行了一系列评级。一半的受试者看到了一致的（消极的）结局，另一半看到了不一致的（更积极的）结局。即使当他们看到积极的反证时，实体理论家在他们对焦点特质的评级上也没有差异，但增量理论家却有。在研究2中，实体理论家预测的短期和长期变化也比增量理论家少得多。研究2进一步揭示，当行为更消极时，实体理论者对目标的负面特质评价更一般化和整体化，表现出更少的共情，并建议更多的惩罚。实体和增量理论家的社会判断过程中的差异进行了讨论，并探讨了问题（如刻板印象）的影响。
Social judgment and trait ascription have long been central issues in psychology. Two studies tested the hypothesis that children who believe that personality is a fixed quality (entity theorists) would make more rigid and long-term social judgments than those who believe that personality is malleable (incremental theorists). Fourth and fifth graders (mean age 10.2 years) viewed a slide show of a boy displaying negative behaviors (Study 1--being shy, clumsy, and nervous; Study 2--lying, cheating, and stealing) and then made a series of ratings. Half of the subjects saw a consistent (negative) ending, and half saw an inconsistent (more positive) ending. Even when they viewed positive counterevidence, entity theorists did not differ in their ratings of the focal traits, but incremental theorists did. Entity theorists in Study 2 also predicted significantly less change in the short term and the long term than did incremental theorists. Study 2 further revealed that, when the behaviors were more negative, entity theorists made more generalized and global negative trait evaluations of the target, showed less empathy, and recommended more punishment. Differences in the social judgment processes of entity and incremental theorists are discussed, and implications for issues (such as stereotyping) are explored.