Changing risk of environmental Campylobacter exposure with emerging poultry production systems in Ethiopia.
Changing risk of environmental Campylobacter exposure with emerging poultry production systems in Ethiopia.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0950268815001429
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Christley RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brena MC;Mekonnen Y;Bettridge JM;Williams NJ;Wigley P;Sisay Tessema T;Christley RM
弯曲杆菌是腹泻的主要原因，它在鸡中的存在是人畜共患感染的重大风险。埃塞俄比亚的家禽生产正变得越来越集约化，并将更多高产品种纳入传统管理的小农场，特别是在城市周边地区。这项横断面研究在埃塞俄比亚的一个城市周边地区和两个农村地区抽样了219个家庭环境，并在城市周边地区另外抽样了20个半集约型农场。用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对44份样品进行了弯曲杆菌检测，其中16份可鉴定为空肠弯曲菌。城市周边地区的鸟群被发现的几率要大得多，包括那些只将本地鸟类置于拾取系统之下的鸟群。还指出，觅食外来高产量鸟类(罗德岛红鸟)的风险略大，可能是因为在传统管理制度下饲养外来鸟类承受的压力更大。我们认为，鸡生产系统的改变可能会改变环境、鸡和人中弯曲杆菌的生态和流行病学，这可能会导致新的疾病流行病学模式的出现。在广泛采用外来和/或改良的本土鸟类之前，需要进一步研究，以确定目前的管理强化和分发方案可能在多大程度上改变弯曲杆菌的流行病学、生态学和公共卫生风险。
Campylobacter is a leading cause of diarrhoea, and its presence in chickens is a significant risk for zoonotic infection. Poultry production is becoming increasingly intensive in Ethiopia and is incorporating more high-producing breeds into traditionally managed smallholdings, especially in peri-urban areas. This cross-sectional study sampled 219 household environments in one peri-urban and two rural areas of Ethiopia, and an additional 20 semi-intensive farms in the peri-urban district. Campylobacter was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-specific assays in 44 samples; 16 of which could be identified as C. jejuni. Flocks in the peri-urban area were at significantly greater odds of detection, including those which only kept indigenous birds under a scavenging system. It was also noted that scavenging flocks of exotic high-production birds (Rhode Island Red) were at slightly greater risk, perhaps as exotic birds are under more stress when kept under traditional management systems. We suggest that changes to the system of chicken production may alter the ecology and epidemiology of Campylobacter in the environment, chickens and people, which may drive emergence of new epidemiological patterns of disease. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which the current management intensification and the distribution programmes of exotic and/or improved indigenous birds may alter Campylobacter epidemiology, ecology and public health risk, before their widespread adoption.