Variability of extragalactic X-ray jets on kiloparsec scales

Variability of extragalactic X-ray jets on kiloparsec scales
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河外 X 射线射流在千秒差距尺度上的变化

DOI:
10.1038/s41550-023-01983-1
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
14.1
通讯作者:
Clautice, Devon
Clautice, Devon
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Meyer, Eileen T.;Shaik, Aamil;Tang, Yanbo;Reid, Nancy;Reddy, Karthik;Breiding, Peter;Georganopoulos, Markos;Chiaberge, Marco;Perlman, Eric;Clautice, Devon

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来自河外射电喷流在千秒差距尺度上出人意料的强烈X射线辐射是钱德拉的主要发现之一,钱德拉是唯一能够进行亚弧秒尺度成像的X射线天文台。这种X射线发射的起源,似乎是无线电发射的第二个光谱成分,已经争论了二十多年。最常见的假设机制是宇宙微波背景的逆康普顿上散射,由仍然高度相对论性喷流中的非常低能量的电子产生。在这种机制下,预期X射线发射没有变化。在这里,我们报告的大规模喷流人口的X射线变化的检测,使用一种新的统计分析53喷流与多个钱德拉观测。作为一个总体,我们发现泊松模型的P值分布与稳态排放强烈不一致,在Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验下,与预期的均匀(0,1)分布相比,全局P值为1.96 × 10− 4。这些结果强烈暗示,在千帕尺度的射流的X射线生产的主导机制是同步辐射的第二人口的电子达到多teraelectronvolt的能量。X射线在几个月到几年的时间尺度上的变化意味着非常小的发射体积比喷流的横截面小得多。
Unexpectedly strong X-ray emission from extragalactic radio jets on kiloparsec scales has been one of the major discoveries of Chandra, the only X-ray observatory capable of sub-arcsecond-scale imaging. The origin of this X-ray emission, which appears as a second spectral component from that of the radio emission, has been debated for over two decades. The most commonly assumed mechanism is inverse-Compton upscattering of the cosmic microwave background by very low-energy electrons in a still highly relativistic jet. Under this mechanism, no variability in the X-ray emission is expected. Here we report the detection of X-ray variability in the large-scale jet population, using a novel statistical analysis of 53 jets with multiple Chandra observations. Taken as a population, we find that the distribution ofPvalues from a Poisson model is strongly inconsistent with steady emission, with a globalPvalue of 1.96 × 10−4under a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test against the expected uniform (0, 1) distribution. These results strongly imply that the dominant mechanism of X-ray production in kiloparsec-scale jets is synchrotron emission by a second population of electrons reaching multi-teraelectronvolt energies. X-ray variability on the timescale of months to a few years implies extremely small emitting volumes much smaller than the cross-section of the jet.
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