Wildfire activity in northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forests still within millennial-scale range of variability

Wildfire activity in northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forests still within millennial-scale range of variability
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落基山脉北部亚高山森林的野火活动仍处于千年尺度的变化范围内

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/acee16
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
McLauchlan, Kendra K.
McLauchlan, Kendra K.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Clark-Wolf, Kyra;Higuera, Philip E.;Shuman, Bryan N.;McLauchlan, Kendra K.

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相对于生态系统在近几个世纪和几千年来所经历的历史变异性范围(HRV),北美西部被烧毁面积的增加引发了关于火灾活动变化的优先级和幅度的问题。过去火灾发生的古生态学记录为以罕见的、严重的火灾为特征的生态系统的当代变化提供了背景。在这里,我们提出了一个由12个火历史记录组成的网络,这些记录来自于保存在美国北部落基山脉(北落基山脉)约10000平方公里景观内的小亚高山湖泊沉积物中的宏观木炭。我们利用该网络表征了过去2500年的景观尺度燃烧,并评估了20世纪初和21世纪经历的广泛区域燃烧的优先性。我们进一步将北落基山脉的火灾历史与先前发表的南落基山脉的火灾历史记录网络进行比较。在北落基山脉亚高山森林中,在当代、历史和古记录中,广泛的火灾活动与季节性气候条件密切相关。过去2500年的平均估计火轮周期(FRP)为164年(HRV: 127-225年),而1900年至公元2021年的当代FRP为215年。因此,20世纪初(如公元1910年)和近几十年的大面积区域燃烧仍在近千年的HRV范围内。北落基山脉的结果与南落基山脉形成对比,后者在过去2500年的平均燃烧频率较低,21世纪的燃烧超过了HRV。我们的研究结果支持了人们的预期,即随着气候变暖,北落基山脉的火灾活动将继续增加,如果在未来几十年内发生不止一次类似1910年的特殊火灾年,那么北落基山脉的火灾活动将超过历史上的火灾。气候变暖对亚高山森林的生态影响将在很大程度上取决于相对于过去的火情变化的程度。
Increasing area burned across western North America raises questions about the precedence and magnitude of changes in fire activity, relative to the historical range of variability (HRV) that ecosystems experienced over recent centuries and millennia. Paleoecological records of past fire occurrence provide context for contemporary changes in ecosystems characterized by infrequent, high-severity fire regimes. Here we present a network of 12 fire-history records derived from macroscopic charcoal preserved in sediments of small subalpine lakes within a c. 10 000 km 2 landscape in the US northern Rocky Mountains (Northern Rockies). We used this network to characterize landscape-scale burning over the past 2500 yr, and to evaluate the precedence of widespread regional burning experienced in the early 20th and 21st centuries. We further compare the Northern Rockies fire history to a previously published network of fire-history records in the Southern Rockies. In Northern Rockies subalpine forests, widespread fire activity was strongly linked to seasonal climate conditions, in contemporary, historical, and paleo records. The average estimated fire rotation period (FRP) over the past 2500 yr was 164 yr (HRV: 127–225 yr), while the contemporary FRP from 1900 to 2021 CE was 215 yr. Thus, extensive regional burning in the early 20th century (eg 1910 CE) and in recent decades remains within the HRV of recent millennia. Results from the Northern Rockies contrast with the Southern Rockies, which burned with less frequency on average over the past 2500 yr, and where 21st-century burning has exceeded the HRV. Our results support expectations that Northern Rockies fire activity will continue to increase with climatic warming, surpassing historical burning if more than one exceptional fire year akin to 1910 occurs within the next several decades. The ecological consequences of climatic warming in subalpine forests will depend, in large part, on the magnitude of fire-regime changes relative to the past.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2003.09304002.x
发表时间: 2003-12
期刊: Annals of the Association of American Geographers
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DOI: 10.1017/qua.2022.17
发表时间: 2022
影响因子: 2.3
作者:
Parish, Meredith C.;Wolf, Kyra D.;Higuera, Philip E.;Shuman, Bryan N.
通讯作者: Shuman, Bryan N.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1994
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Jk Brown;S. Arno;S. Barrett;J. Menakis
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1976
期刊:
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H. W. Gabriel
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DOI: 10.1126/science.1128834
发表时间: 2006-08-18
期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
作者:
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通讯作者: Swetnam, T. W.