Behavioral Hypervolumes of Predator Groups and Predator-Predator Interactions Shape Prey Survival Rates and Selection on Prey Behavior.
Behavioral Hypervolumes of Predator Groups and Predator-Predator Interactions Shape Prey Survival Rates and Selection on Prey Behavior.
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捕食者群体的行为超体积和捕食者与捕食者之间的相互作用影响猎物的生存率和猎物行为的选择。
DOI：
10.1086/690292
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pinter-Wollman,Noa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pruitt,JonathanN;Howell,KimberlyA;Gladney,ShaniquaJ;Yang,Yusan;Lichtenstein,JamesLL;Spicer,MichelleElise;Echeverri,SebastianA;Pinter-Wollman,Noa
捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用往往因所涉及的捕食者和猎物个体的特征而异。在这里，我们研究是否多维行为多样性的捕食群体形状猎物的死亡率和选择猎物的行为。我们通过三种行为测定来描述个体海星（Pisaster ochraceus）沿沿着三个轴的行为表型。然后，我们创建了不同的群体，他们占据的行为空间的体积。我们进一步操纵捕食者的能力，通过增加障碍物相互作用。猎物蜗牛（Chlorostome funebralis）也通过测定，以评估它们的捕食者回避行为之前，在围隔实验中使用。然后，我们将池的猎物捕食者群体，并记录了猎物消耗的数量和它们的行为表型。我们发现，捕食者-捕食者的相互作用改变了生存选择的猎物性状：当捕食者被阻止相互作用，更可怕的蜗牛有更高的生存率，而猎物的恐惧没有影响生存时，捕食者可以自由互动。我们还发现，群体的捕食者，占据了更大的体积在行为特征空间消耗35%以上的猎物蜗牛比同质捕食者群体。最后，我们发现，行为超体积比单一行为特征或其他多变量统计（即，主成分分析）。两者合计，捕食者-捕食者的相互作用和多维行为多样性决定猎物的生存率和选择猎物性状在这个系统中。
Predator-prey interactions often vary on the basis of the traits of the individual predators and prey involved. Here we examine whether the multidimensional behavioral diversity of predator groups shapes prey mortality rates and selection on prey behavior. We ran individual sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) through three behavioral assays to characterize individuals’ behavioral phenotype along three axes. We then created groups that varied in the volume of behavioral space that they occupied. We further manipulated the ability of predators to interact with one another physically via the addition of barriers. Prey snails (Chlorostome funebralis) were also run through an assay to evaluate their predator avoidance behavior before their use in mesocosm experiments. We then subjected pools of prey to predator groups and recorded the number of prey consumed and their behavioral phenotypes. We found that predator-predator interactions changed survival selection on prey traits: when predators were prevented from interacting, more fearful snails had higher survival rates, whereas prey fearfulness had no effect on survival when predators were free to interact. We also found that groups of predators that occupied a larger volume in behavioral trait space consumed 35% more prey snails than homogeneous predator groups. Finally, we found that behavioral hypervolumes were better predictors of prey survival rates than single behavioral traits or other multivariate statistics (i.e., principal component analysis). Taken together, predator-predator interactions and multidimensional behavioral diversity determine prey survival rates and selection on prey traits in this system.