Genetically engineered nanocarriers for drug delivery.
Genetically engineered nanocarriers for drug delivery.
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DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s53886
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
MacKay JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shi P;Gustafson JA;MacKay JA
细胞毒性、低水溶性、快速从循环中清除以及非靶向副作用是传统小分子药物的共同缺点。为了克服这些缺点，人们提出了许多多功能纳米载体来增强药物的传递。从概念上讲，多功能纳米粒可以携带多种药物，控制释放速率，生物降解，并利用靶向介导的药物传递；然而，这些颗粒的设计在药物开发阶段提出了许多挑战。改善对这些颗粒的控制的一个新兴解决方案是求助于基因工程。基因工程的纳米载体在大小和结构上都得到了精确的控制，并可以对药物的化学结合部位进行特定的控制。组装纳米结构(包括纳米颗粒和纳米纤维)的基因工程药物载体可以是聚合的，也可以是非聚合的。本文综述了聚合物类弹性蛋白多肽、丝状多肽、丝状弹性蛋白聚合物等聚合物类基因工程药物载体的纳米结构，以及拱顶蛋白和病毒蛋白等非聚合物类基因工程药物载体的纳米结构在药物和基因传递方面的应用进展。
Cytotoxicity, low water solubility, rapid clearance from circulation, and off-target side-effects are common drawbacks of conventional small-molecule drugs. To overcome these shortcomings, many multifunctional nanocarriers have been proposed to enhance drug delivery. In concept, multifunctional nanoparticles might carry multiple agents, control release rate, biodegrade, and utilize target-mediated drug delivery; however, the design of these particles presents many challenges at the stage of pharmaceutical development. An emerging solution to improve control over these particles is to turn to genetic engineering. Genetically engineered nanocarriers are precisely controlled in size and structure and can provide specific control over sites for chemical attachment of drugs. Genetically engineered drug carriers that assemble nanostructures including nanoparticles and nanofibers can be polymeric or non-polymeric. This review summarizes the recent development of applications in drug and gene delivery utilizing nanostructures of polymeric genetically engineered drug carriers such as elastin-like polypeptides, silk-like polypeptides, and silk-elastin-like protein polymers, and non-polymeric genetically engineered drug carriers such as vault proteins and viral proteins.